对口支援新疆共谋防震减灾事业发展大计

题记：2011年,是新疆防震减灾历史上不平凡的一年。中国地震局积极贯彻中央新疆工作座谈会精神,举全国地震系统之力,支持新疆防震减灾事业大发展。新疆防震减灾事业进入了新时期新阶段,迎来了千载难逢的历史发展机遇。在全国地震系统的积极援助下,地震灾害相对严重的新疆被置于历史的聚光灯下,全国地震系统在这里共谋事业,相互协作,共同发展。     

准东煤矿开采区表层土中多环芳烃的污染及健康风险

在新疆准东煤矿开采区采集6个表层土样品,探讨研究区域表层土中PAHs的含量、主成分、来源及健康风险。结果显示:准东煤矿开采区表层土中PAHs主要以Phe、Fla和Ant单体为主,显示出富三环的特征;SPSS18.0软件分析显示,Bb F、Chr、Ba P、Pyr、Fla与主成分Phe的相关性比较大;研究区域表层土中PAHs主要来源于煤或木材的燃烧产物的排放、不完全燃烧及挥发;终生致癌风险评价结果显示,研究区域表层土中PAHs存在潜在健康风险,会对人体健康带来潜在影响。本研究对预防煤矿开采区土壤污染、指导煤矿开采区恢复期土壤的修复及安全处置具有重要意义。     

国际农业食品网络和可持续发展委员会

国际农业食品网络(IAFN)是1996年联合国粮农组织世界粮食高峰会议时为协调农业发展领域中与国际组织有关的活动而成立的.该网络只是一个讨论论坛,其中与会者可以确认他们的共同关注和分享各种思路的经验.     

德国环境产业结构和发展

本文综述北莱茵威斯特法伦州经济研究所（ＲＷＩ）和哈勒经济研究所（ＩＷＨ）业已完成的一项研究的主要成果，该项研究由ＲＷＩ研究所和ＩＷＨ研究所受德国经济事务部委托完成。它试图通过分析１９９１年德国对环保产品的需求，１９９３年德国环境产业的就业、生产、营业...     

换掉不环保的传统炉灶吧

<正>几十年前,身为人类学家的我,曾认真地思考过在贫穷国家烹饪食物所带来的健康风险问题。当时,我住在阿富汗略往北的山区里。在那里,村民们经常用木柴生火,在土炉膛壁上烤制面包。如果你手脚麻利,能够把面团拍到炉壁上并用正确方式取出,那么面包吃起来非常美味。可但凡手慢一点,面包就会烤糊,而你的手指也会被烫伤。拿我来说,在跟村里的女人们一起做了一个冬天的饭之后,我的手上多了许多烫伤留下的小疤痕。当时我得出的     

内蒙古呼和浩特市大气TSP和PM_(10)中PAHs的健康风险评价

于2012—2013年6月和12月采集了内蒙古呼和浩特市大气颗粒物样品,用GC-MS分析测定其中16种PAHs的浓度,并用苯并(a)芘(Ba P)致癌、致突变等效浓度、终身致癌超额危险度和预期寿命损失3个指标评价了内蒙古呼和浩特市大气颗粒物TSP和PM_(10)中PAHs的人群健康风险。结果显示:内蒙古呼和浩特市大气颗粒物TSP和PM_(10)中PAHs对成人、儿童的日均暴露剂量范围分别为0.71×10~(-6)~2.01×10~(-6)、0.45×10~(-6)~1.28×10~(-6)和0.31×10~(-6)~2.41×10~(-6)、0.19×10~(-6)~1.15×10~(-6)mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1);TSP和PM_(10)中PAHs对成人和儿童的终身致癌超额危险度范围分别为2.21×10~(-6)~6.24×10~(-6)、1.41×10~(-6)~3.97×10~(-6)和0.95×10~(-6)~7.47×10~(-6)、0.60×10~(-6)~4.75×10~(-6),终身致癌超额危险度均处于可接受水平范围内(10-4~10~(-6))。TSP和PM_(10)中PAHs对成人和儿童的预期寿命损失范围分别为13.74~38.78、8.752~24.70和5.88~46.39、3.74~29.54 min。     

Biodegradation of indole by a newly isolated Cupriavidus sp. SHE

Indole, a typical nitrogen heterocyclic aromatic pollutant, is extensively spread in industrial wastewater. Microbial degradation has been proven to be a feasible approach to remove indole, whereas the microbial resources are fairly limited. A bacterial strain designated as SHE was isolated and found to be an efficient indole degrader. It was identified as Cupriavidus sp. according to 16S rRNA gene analysis. Strain SHE could utilize indole as the sole carbon source and almost completely degrade 100 mg/L of indole within 24 hr. It still harbored relatively high indole degradation capacity within pH 4–9 and temperature 25°C–35°C. Experiments also showed that some heavy metals such as Mn^2 +, Pb^2 + and Co^2 + did not pose severe inhibition on indole degradation. Based on high performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrum analysis, isatin was identified as a minor intermediate during the process of indole biodegradation. A major yellow product with m/z 265.0605 (C₁₅H₈N₂O₃) was generated and accumulated, suggesting a novel indole conversion pathway existed. Genome analysis of strain SHE indicated that there existed a rich set of oxidoreductases, which might be the key reason for the efficient degradation of indole. The robust degradation ability of strain SHE makes it a promising candidate for the treatment of indole containing wastewater.     

中国地区多溴联苯醚在不同环境介质中的监测进展

多溴联苯醚(Polybrominated diphenyl ethers, PBDEs)为一类新型的溴代阻燃剂,广泛应用于塑料制品、纺织品、电路板和建筑材料等领域。随着生产量和使用量的增加,PBDEs已造成全球环境污染,其带来的环境问题已引起各国关注。同时PBDEs的长距离迁移性和难降解性,使其在环境介质中进行富集,从而加重污染。归纳了中国地区PBDEs的监测进展,分别从大气、水体、沉积物和土壤中PBDEs的污染水平以及原因进行了分析和探讨。在此基础上,对于我国PBDEs的研究方向提出了展望。     

Steel slag carbonation in a flow-through reactor system:The role of fluid-flux

Steel production is currently the largest industrial source of atmospheric CO2. As annual steel production continues to grow, the need for effective methods of reducing its carbon footprint increases correspondingly. The carbonation of the calcium-bearing phases in steel slag generated during basic oxygen furnace(BOF) steel production, in particular its major constituent, larnite {Ca2Si O4}, which is a structural analogue of olivine {(Mg Fe)2Si O4}, the main mineral subjected to natural carbonation in peridotites, offers the potential to offset some of these emissions. However, the controls on the nature and efficiency of steel slag carbonation are yet to be completely understood. Experiments were conducted exposing steel slag grains to a CO2–H2O mixture in both batch and flow-through reactors to investigate the impact of temperature, fluid flux, and reaction gradient on the dissolution and carbonation of steel slag. The results of these experiments show that dissolution and carbonation of BOF steel slag are more efficient in a flow-through reactor than in the batch reactors used in most previous studies. Moreover, they show that fluid flux needs to be optimized in addition to grain size, pressure, and temperature, in order to maximize the efficiency of carbonation. Based on these results, a two-stage reactor consisting of a high and a low fluid-flux chamber is proposed for CO2 sequestration by steel slag carbonation,allowing dissolution of the slag and precipitation of calcium carbonate to occur within a single flow-through system.