银成矿作用的某些最重要的特点

<正> 文献中对银成矿作用,特别是对银矿床分布规律的介绍,与其他许多金属的介绍相比要少得多。关于银成矿作用的主要时代、主要银矿建造和全球活动带中含银成矿区的分布特点等都介绍得很不够。造成这种情况的一个原因     

发展一种估算石油工业温室气体排放的一致的方法

要获得有意义的温室气体清单,重要的是清单中包括的内容的方法论和定义应该是一致的.国际石油工业环境保护协会(IPIECA)、国际石油和天然气生产者协会(OGP)以及美国石油学会(API)已经制定了温室气体排放计算和报告的准则.国际石油工业环境保护协会(IPIECA)报告温室气体排放的石油工业指南的重点是放在石油工业温室气体排放的计算和报告上.为了提供排放估算一致的方法论,美国石油工业协会制定了石油和天然气工业温室气体排放估算方法论概要.从美国石油学会可以得到一个估算排放的工具——SANGEATM能源和排放估算系统.     

格陵兰冰盖在末次间冰期大范围消融的冰岩心证据

加拿大北极群岛(CAI)以及格陵兰的森楚里营(CC)和Dye-3的冰岩心底层冰的证据表明,在比100ka还早的末次间冰期期间,格陵兰冰盖发生了大范围或完全消融,这与早先的解释大不相同。以前人们认为,底层冰中杂质微粒的存在表明,冰盖底层发生过消融,这些冰开始形成的时间证据已遭破坏。然而,当冰帽和冰盖的面积大大缩小时,这些微粒极可能被风吹到冰盖面上来。冰的结构、气体含量和其它证据也表明,每个钻孔位的底层冰为重叠冰,是冰帽或冰盖早期生长阶段的一种典型的冰类型。如果现代冰层是在末次间冰期期间开始生长的,那么在较早(伊利诺斯冰期)形成的冰盖必定在末次间冰期的较早阶段就已全部或大部分消融了。如果这种消融事件确实发生了,那么就象有人曾指出的那样,桑加门间冰期期间的海平面比现在高6m这种变化就不应归因于西南极冰盖的崩解。     

含H_2S流体包体的特征

<正> 引言 尽管经常怀疑压碎的矿物中逸出的恶臭气昧主要是H_2S,但至今还是很少把H_2S作为流体包体主要成分来描述。据Roedder的关于流体包体成分的详尽资料(1972),与CO_2、H_2、N_2、CH_4和CO相比,H_2S和C_2H_4是次要组分。     

含碳地层中金矿化的形成条件

<正> 在解决含碳地层中圈定工业金矿化的一系列问题时,必须对矿物及其结晶条件进行综合研究。对于研究区内不同成矿阶段相似类型的矿床来说,铁-镁碳酸盐矿物的存在是特征的,因此,它们可以作为成矿作用的一种矿物指示剂。     

与电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱联用的流注分析标准加入法

<正> 利用流注分析(FIA)将样品溶液引入各种检测器是一种适用于多种仪器的快速常规分析技术。为了观察带有原子吸收光谱(AAS)的流注分析的分散效应,Tyson等(1981)设计了一个类似于标准加入法的新的简型流注装置。     

废物在水利工程上的利用

1.前言工业废物堆存时往往会带来许多环境问题。荷兰已积累了一些在水利建设中(如筑堤坝、基础保护、过滤建筑与隔离材料等)利用废物的经验,但在建筑结构与环境影响方面还没有作什么科学研究。由于人们已逐步了解工业废物对环境的影响,所以近年来开始了这方面的科研工作。研究的内容不仅限于工业废物的性能,而且对工业废物以外的其它废物的利用也在进行研究,特别是对在水利建设中利用工业废物筑堤坝等对环境及水生生物的影响加强了研究。本文将对荷兰在水利建设中利用工业废物的经验与环境影响作一介绍。     

Transverse approach between real world concentrations of SO2, NO2, BTEX, aldehyde emissions and corrosion in the Grand Mare tunnel

With regard to automotive traffic, a tunnel-type semi enclosed atmosphere is characterized by a higher concentration of gaseous pollutants than on urban traffic roads and highlights the gaseous effluent species having an impact on material degradation. Therefore, a transverse approach between air quality and its consequences upon the longevity of materials is necessary, implying better knowledge of tunnel atmosphere and a better understanding of material degradation inside a tunnel for operating administration. Gaseous pollutant measurements carried out in a road tunnel in Rouen (Normandy) give the real world traffic concentrations of experimental exposure conditions. The sampling campaigns, achieved in summer and winter include SO₂, NO₂, BTEX and aldehyde analyses. Effluent profiles in the upward and downward tubes have been established. The current work shows that SO₂, NO₂, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propanal and butanal must be considered in the degradation process of materials in a stuffy environment. As regards NO₂, its concentration depends on the modification of the automotive fleet. The total aldehyde concentrations indicate no particular trend between the two bores. Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propanal, butanal and acrolein species are the most abundant species emitted by vehicles and represent 90% to 95% of the total aldehyde emissions.     

Effect of CeO2 and Al2O3 on the activity of Pd/Co_3O_4/cordierite catalyst in the three-way catalysis reactions (CO/NO/CnHm)

The present article studies the effect of CeO₂ and Al₂O₃ on the activity of Pd/Co₃O₄/cordierite catalyst in conversion of NO, CO, C_nH_m. The catalysts were characterized by temperature programmed reduction with hydrogen, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. It is shown that the effect of CeO₂ on the properties of Pd/Co₃O₄/cordierite catalyst depends on preparation method. The catalyst obtained by co-deposition of cerium and cobalt oxides has higher activity in CO oxidation (CO + O₂ and CO + NO) and total hexane oxidation (C₆H₁₄ + O₂). Such phenomenon is probably caused by more than stoichiometric amount of formed oxygen vacancies, an increase in both mobility of surface oxygen and dispersity of components in the catalytic composition. It is demonstrated that CeO₂ addition promotes the SO₂ resistance of Pd/Co₃O₄/cordierite. The second support decreases the activity of Pd/Co₃O₄/cordierite catalyst in the reactions of CO and C₆H₁₄ with oxygen because of CoAl₂O₄ formation.