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Are brominated flame retardants endocrine disruptors? 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are a group of compounds that have received much attention recently due to their similarity with "old" classes of organohalogenated compounds such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), in terms of their fate, stability in the environment and accumulation in humans and wildlife. Toxic effects, including teratogenicity, carcinogenicity and neurotoxicity, have been observed for some BFR congeners, in particular the brominated diphenyl ethers (BDEs). This concise review focuses on the potency of BFRs and to disrupt endocrine systems, and attempts to answer the question whether or not BFRs are endocrine disruptors. Evidence is provided on the disruption of the thyroid hormone system by BFRs, with particular emphasis on the BDEs, as most recent data is available on this class of flame retardants. Similar to the hydroxylated PCBs, in vitro mechanistic studies as well as animal experiments have demonstrated the effects of BDEs on thyroid hormone transport and metabolism. An overview of possible effects of BFRs on the estrogen system is also provided. Research gaps are outlined, as well as ongoing and future studies in the European community aimed at contributing to comprehensive risk assessments based on the endocrine-disrupting effects of BFRs. 相似文献
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Patrizia D''Ettorre Christine Errard Fernando Ibarra Wittko Francke Abraham Hefetz 《Chemoecology》2000,10(3):135-142
Summary. The dulotic queen ant, Polyergus rufescens, must first penetrate a host colony and kill the resident queen in order to successfully founding a new colony. Successful
usurpation by a newly mated queen predictably depends on a dual strategy. Although, it can sneak in by being “chemically insignificant”
with respect to cuticular hydrocarbons, it may also need to deter prospective host-worker aggressors. Chemical analysis of
Dufour's gland secretion of P. rufescens queens and workers by GS/MS revealed that queen secretion is typified by esters of butanoic acid and acetic acid, of which
decyl butanoate comprises over 80%. Butanoates and acetates are also present in the workers' secretion, but these are of higher
molecular weight, and octadecyl butanoate represents the major compound. Using synthetic mixtures of queen and worker Dufour's
gland, we tested the hypothesis that these secretions modify the aggressive behavior of the host species Formica cunicularia>. The queen-like synthetic mixture significantly reduced aggression of the host workers towards alien conspecifics, but neither
pentane nor the worker-like synthetic mixture showed this effect. Although Dufour's gland content of >Polyergus queens was suggested to function as an appeasement pheromone (Topoff et al. 1988; Mori et al. 2000), we hypothesized that it may in fact act as a repellent. In order to test this hypothesis we exposed starved F. cunicularia workers to a droplet of honey on a glass slide applied with one of the following compounds: decyl butanoate (queen major
compound), octadecyl butanoate (worker main compound), limonene (a reported ant repellent), and pentane (solvent control).
Of these, the workers were repelled only by the decyl butanoate and did not approach the honey. We conclude that during usurpation
the queen actively repels aggressive workers by emitting Dufour's gland repellent, comprising the alternative tactic in the
usurpation dual strategy. This represents another chemical weapon in the diverse arsenal used by parasites to overcome the
host's resistance.
Received 7 April 2000; accepted 17 May 2000 相似文献
38.
Ortega Zaida Mencía Abraham Pérez-Mellado Valentín 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2017,71(1):1-10
Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology - Pre-copulatory sexual cannibalism (Pre-SC), where females attack and consume courting males, is considered an extreme case of sexual conflict. Different... 相似文献
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Akadiri Seyi Saint Adebayo Tomiwa Sunday Riti Joshua Sunday Awosusi Abraham Ayobamiji Inusa Eshiozemhe Micheal 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(59):89045-89062
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Currently, the most crucial economic and ecological issues are related to environmental degradation and sustainability. On this backdrop, this paper... 相似文献
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Hora RR Ionescu-Hirsh A Simon T Delabie J Robert J Fresneau D Hefetz A 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2008,95(1):55-60
In the ectatommine ant Ectatomma tuberculatum, the visual appearance of queens changes after mating and ovarian development in that their cuticle turns from shiny to matte.
In this study, we have shown that this change seems to be caused by 15-fold accumulation of hydrocarbons, in particular heptacosane
that covers the multiple grooves present on the cuticular surface creating a wax coat in mated fully fertile queens. Analyses
of the scrapped wax revealed that it is composed largely of heptacosane. Peak-by-peak comparison of the cuticular hydrocarbon
(CHC) composition of mated, virgin with developed ovaries and virgin with nondeveloped ovaries revealed significant differences
between the queen groups. Although the total amount of the CHC of virgin queens with developed ovaries was not higher than
virgin queens that did not have developed ovaries, the composition showed a shift toward the mated queen. While it is possible
that the large accumulation of hydrocarbons may give extra physical and chemical protection to queens, we propose that the
switch in the relative abundance of heptacosane and nonacosane and perhaps of other components is indicative of being a mating
and fertility cue. This is the first report in social insects where external chemical changes are accompanied by changes in
visual appearance. 相似文献