Photooxidative removal of the herbicide Acid Blue 9 in the presence of hydrogen peroxide: modeling of the reaction for evaluation of electrical energy per order (E EO)

The present work deals with photooxidative removal of the herbicide, Acid Blue 9 (AB9), in water in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) under UV light illumination (30 W). The influence of the basic operational parameters such as amount of H2O2, irradiation time and initial concentration of AB9 on the photodegradation efficiency of the herbicide was investigated. The degradation rate of AB9 was not appreciably high when the photolysis was carried out in the absence of H2O2 and it was negligible in the absence of UV light. The photooxidative removal of the herbicide was found to follow pseudo-first-order kinetic, and hence the figure-of-merit electrical energy per order (E Eo) was considered appropriate for estimating the electrical energy efficiency. A mathematical relation between the apparent reaction rate constant and H2O2 used was applied for prediction of the electricity consumption in the photooxidative removal of AB9. The results indicated that this kinetic model, based on the initial rates of degradation, provided good prediction of the E Eo values for a variety of conditions. The results also indicated that the UV/H2O2 process was appropriate as the effective treatment method for removal of AB9 from the contaminated wastewater.     

Estimating willingness to pay for a hypothetical earthquake early warning systems

The development of reliable, accessible, and transparent earthquake early warning systems (EEWSs) for disaster reduction have been given increased priority at local, national, and international levels. Accurately quantifying the social and economic benefits accrued to households and businesses from EEWSs are a challenging and difficult task. In this paper, the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) is used to evaluate the benefits of a hypothetical EEWS to the citizens of Tehran Metropolitan. This study clarifies public willingness to pay (WTP) for EEWS in Tehran, and the dominant factors involved in WTP through a CVM analysis. The survey, completed by more than 504 households, showed that on average households are willing to pay 367,471 Rials (38 US$) per month for the hypothetical EEWS. Those willing to pay the most for EEWS are households, which currently possess a fire alarm. Also the more educated the respondents and the more children the respondents have, the more willing they are to pay for EEWS. These results could be used by policy makers and technology firms in order to determine the optimal investments in early warning systems for earthquake disaster reduction.     

面向非均衡文本信息的企业生产安全氛围智能感知模型

现有企业生产安全氛围的主要描述载体是文本,但文本无法定量描述的特点是企业生产安全氛围分析面临的重要挑战。基于机器学习和自然语言处理技术处理企业生产安全氛围文本信息,着重从安全氛围主题辨识和安全氛围等级预测两方面,综合实现对企业生产安全氛围的智能感知。首先借鉴合成少数类过采样技术(SMOTE)算法思想,提出一种“类SMOTE”算法,用于解决非均衡文本数据问题;然后基于隐含狄利克雷分布(LDA主题模型)实现安全氛围主题辨识,得到文本主题词及相关权重;最后基于机器学习算法实现安全氛围等级预测。经过实例验证,提出的“类SMOTE+LDA+Bayes”组合模型,对于企业生产安全氛围智能感知效果较好。     

基于色差分析的复合绝缘子伞裙老化程度表征研究

高温硫化硅橡胶具有良好的憎水性、憎水迁移性,有效提高了复合绝缘子的耐污闪性能。但是作为一种有机高分子材料,高温硫化硅橡胶材料在长期运行之后会表现出一定的老化特征,包括出现粉化、褪色、龟裂等现象。作为复合绝缘子最直观的特征,伞裙护套的颜色变化可以在一定程度上反映出硅橡胶材料的性能变化。对复合绝缘子伞裙的颜色变化特征进行了研究,并利用RGB颜色空间对其进行了定量表征,试验结果表明,利用复合绝缘子伞裙颜色变化特征对其老化状态进行表征是可行的。     

石化废水生化处理前后抗雌激素活性的变化

以某企业的石化废水处理工艺为对象,利用固相萃取-双杂交酵母法,对混入和未混入苯胺废水2种典型工况下进、出水的抗雌激素活性进行了研究,以了解不同性质废水的混合处理对石化废水抗雌激素活性的影响规律. 结果表明,现有的废水处理系统能有效降低有机物浓度,2种典型工况下溶解性有机碳(DOC)的去除率分别可达72%和74%,但生成了更具抗雌激素活性的物质. 在混入苯胺废水的工况下,出水的抗雌激素活性显著高于进水,为进水的2.8倍. 进一步研究废水中不同组分的抗雌激素活性发现,苯胺废水中的疏水性物质是导致出水抗雌激素活性升高的主要原因.      

Effect of potential HONO sources on peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) formation in eastern China in winter

As an important secondary photochemical pollutant, peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) has been studied over decades, yet its simulations usually underestimate the corresponding observations, especially in polluted areas. Recent observations in north China found unusually high concentrations of PAN during wintertime heavy haze events, but the current model still cannot reproduce the observations, and researchers speculated that nitrous acid (HONO) played a key role in PAN formation. For the first time we systematically assessed the impact of potential HONO sources on PAN formation mechanisms in eastern China using the Weather Research and Forecasting/Chemistry (WRF-Chem) model in February of 2017. The results showed that the potential HONO sources significantly improved the PAN simulations, remarkably accelerated the RO_x (sum of hydroxyl, hydroperoxyl, and organic peroxy radicals) cycles, and resulted in 80%–150% enhancements of PAN near the ground in the coastal areas of eastern China and 10%–50% enhancements in the areas around 35–40°N within 3 km during a heavy haze period. The direct precursors of PAN were aldehyde and methylglyoxal, and the primary precursors of PAN were alkenes with C > 3, xylenes, propene and toluene. The above results suggest that the potential HONO sources should be considered in regional and global chemical transport models when conducting PAN studies.     

Decolorization of Blue CL-BR dye by AOPs using bleach wastewater as source of H2O2

This research was focused on the investigation of the efficacy of advanced oxidation processes (Fenton,ozonation and UV/H_2O_2) for decolorization of reactive azo dye (Blue CL-BR) using bleach wastewater as possible source of H_2O_2.All the experiments were performed on the laboratory scale set-up.The results showed that colour removal efficiencies by UV or bleach (H_2O_2) alone were not so efficient.Fenton process with bleach wastewater was found to be the most effective at process conditions such as pH of 3 and H_2O_2/Fe~(2 ) ratio of 24:1,resulting in 64% colour removal.Almost complete colour removal,i.e.,99% and 95% were achieved by UV/H_2O_2 and UVfoleach wastewater in 30 and 60 min,respectively.Ozonation proved an efficient method for decolorization of Blue CL-BR dye at alkaline pH.It was possible to achieve 98% colour removal with 30 min of ozonation at pH 9.The colour removal of dye was found to follow first order kinetics.     

支化聚乙烯亚胺功能化磁性纳米吸附剂的制备及对Cu2+的吸附研究

为解决水体中重金属Cu²⁺污染,本研究首先采用水热法制备得到超顺磁四氧化三铁纳米粒子,然后使用对Cu²⁺具有强络合作用的含有丰富氨基官能团的支化聚乙烯亚胺接枝到纳米粒子表面,得到Fe₃O₄@BPEI磁性纳米吸附剂。采用红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)等对其结构、尺寸及形貌进行表征。研究了不同吸附因素对吸附剂吸附Cu²⁺的影响,确定了最佳吸附条件,并通过吸附动力学模型和吸附等温线模型进一步探讨吸附机理。结果表明：支化聚乙烯亚胺成功接枝到四氧化三铁纳米粒子表面。最佳吸附条件为pH=6.0、吸附平衡时间为40 min、吸附剂用量为10 mg。通过实验数据拟合,Fe₃O₄@PEI吸附Cu²⁺的过程符合Langmuir等温吸附方程和拟二级动力学模型,表明吸附过程为化学吸附控制的单分子层覆盖,在303 K时,模型理论饱和吸附量为141.24 mg/g。表明支化聚乙烯亚胺修饰的磁性纳米吸...