Cadmium exposure from the cement dust emissions: a field study in a rural residence

The cement dust is one of the causes of pollution in the environment. In the present study, the cadmium concentrations of soil and plant specimens taken from a rural area exposed to cement factory emissions were determined and also the blood concentrations and sensitivity conditions in humans residing in this rural area were investigated. The 108 soil (36 for control) and plant specimens were collected from eight different directions of the cement plant located in Cukurhisar town in Eski?ehir city. Blood samples of the individuals residing in this area were taken from 258 subjects (258 for control) following a physical examination, and patch tests were also applied. The results show that the cadmium concentrations of the soil and plant specimens taken from different places in different directions of the factory were higher than in the control areas. The physical examination of subjects did not reveal results different from those of the control group except for the diagnosis of contact dermatitis. The analysis of venous blood samples showed that cadmium concentrations were found to be within the reference values given for both groups, but higher in the subjects (p<0.001). According to the results of patch tests, sensitivity to cadmium was found to be more frequent for the subject group than the control group (p<0.05). Those results show that, although clinical tools revealed no toxic effects for the subject, except contact dermatitis, the cement plant increases cadmium pollution on the surrounding environment.     

3D QSAR studies of dioxins and dioxin-like compounds using CoMFA and CoMSIA

In the present study we have performed comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) on structurally diverse ligands of Ah (dioxin) receptor to explore the physico-chemical requirements for binding. All CoMFA and CoMSIA models have given q(2) value of more than 0.5 and r(2) value of more than 0.84. The predictive ability of the models was validated by an external test set, which gave satisfactory predictive r(2) values. Best predictions were obtained with CoMFA model of combined modified training set (q(2) = 0.631, r(2) = 0.900), giving predictive residual value = 0.02 log unit for the test compound. Addition of CoMSIA study has elucidated the role of hydrophobicity and hydrogen bonding along with the effect of steric and electrostatic properties revealed by CoMFA. We have suggested a model comprises of four structurally different compounds, which offers a good predictability for various ligands. Our QSAR model is consistent with all previously established QSAR models with less structurally diverse ligands.     

Recent Progress in Silane Coupling Agent with Its Emerging Applications

Journal of Polymers and the Environment - This paper presents the effects of silane coupling agent, which includes interfacial adhesive strength, water treatment, polymer composites and coatings...     

铅、镉污染废水树皮类吸附材料的筛选

近年来,水体重金属污染日趋严重,筛选出绿色高效处理重金属污染废水的吸附材料迫在眉睫.本文采用振荡吸附法研究了10种树皮类生物质吸附材料在不同投加量、初始浓度、pH和吸附时间下对模拟污染废水中Pb~(2+)和Cd~(2+)的吸附效率.结果表明,在25℃和180 r·min~(-1)恒温振荡条件下,10种树皮对Pb~(2+)和Cd~(2+)的吸附效率存在明显差异(P0.05).它们对模拟废水Pb~(2+)和Cd~(2+)的吸附量和吸附率,分别随初始浓度的增加呈递增和递减趋势;在0—120 min内随吸附时间的延长而提高;在pH 2.0—4.0范围内,随pH的增大而明显提升.红外光谱分析表明,羟基和羧基参与了Pb~(2+)和Cd~(2+)吸附.在投加量0.5 g·L~(-1)、模拟废水初始浓度50 mg·g~(-1)、pH 5.50和吸附时间120 min条件下,侧柏(Platycladus orientalis)皮、核桃树(Juglans regia)皮和构树(Broussonetia papyrifera)皮对Pb~(2+)的吸附量可达71.77—83.61 mg·g~(-1),对Cd~(2+)的吸附量达到64.69—70.33 mg·g~(-1),对实际污染废水具有较高的吸附率,最高可达98.21%.因此,侧柏皮、核桃树皮和构树皮可能是是吸附复合污染废水中铅镉的潜在材料.     

Transformer oils as a potential source of environmental exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs): an assessment in three central provinces of Iran

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) contamination of oils from all transformers of the national electrical grid in Tehran, Qom, and Alborz, three central...     

Room temperature synthesis of 2H-1,4-benzoxazine derivatives using a recoverable ionic liquid medium

2H-1,4-Benzoxazines are major heterocyclic compounds with interesting biological and synthetic applications. Therefore, it would be very interesting to develop new efficient methods for their synthesis. Here, we synthesized 2H-1,4-benzoxazines in one pot using K₂CO₃/H₂O in the ionic liquid of choice, [omim][BF₄]. After reactions, products are extracted from [omim][BF₄] by Et₂O and the ionic liquid is recovered and successfully reused over several recycles. Results show that high yields of 3-aryl-2H-1,4-benzoxazine derivatives are obtained chemoselectively at room temperature from their corresponding o-aminophenols and phenacyl bromides. To our knowledge, our method represents the most efficient and straightforward route for the synthesis of 3-aryl-2H-1,4-benzoxazine derivatives in short times and under environmentally benign conditions.     

复合绝缘子伞裙硬化机理研究

作为复合绝缘子伞裙护套的主要材料,高温硫化硅橡胶的性能在很大程度上决定了整支复合绝缘子的运行性能。高温硫化硅橡胶的硬化现象会严重影响复合绝缘子伞裙的力学性能;同时硬化现象往往伴随着更严重的性能劣化,例如憎水性的下降甚至丧失等,这些现象会直接威胁电力系统安全运行。针对复合绝缘子的硬化现象研究了硬化的内在机理,并采用平衡溶胀法研究了复合绝缘子交联密度与硬度的关系。研究认为,复合绝缘子的硬化主要是由于填料与硅氧烷进一步吸附导致的,同时也有硅氧烷氧化的作用。