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Studies on oxidation of tert-butyl ethers in the presence of chloride ions proved that acid medium favoured formation of chloro organic compounds. 1,2-Dichloro-2-methylpropane, 3-chloro-2-chloromethylpropene were identified among the reaction products. Presence of these compounds was identified both in the case when methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and ethyl-tert-butyl ether (ETBE) were subjected to reaction. Reaction products were analysed by gas chromatography method with application of -FID, -MS and -AED detectors. On the basis of experimental data, the path of tert-butyl ethers conversion to dichloro products was proposed. It was found that the identified chloro derivatives could be formed both by ionic and radical reactions. In order to confirm this thesis for the proposed scheme of reaction, the theoretical calculations of molecular simulation of the reaction paths were performed. 相似文献
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Agnieszka Guzman Helena Janik Alicja Kosakowska 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2010,18(4):679-684
Several new biodegradable polymer materials have recently come onto the global market. Mostly the results on degradation kinetic
studies are presented. This paper suggests using one of the tests to estimate the impact of polymer packaging material on
sea life. The microorganism chosen was Anabaena variabilis (identified in many waters, including those of the Baltic Sea, especially in the Gulf of Gdańsk and Puck Bay; this cyanobacterium
has a tendency to move with deep-sea waters causing algal blooms that upset the ecological balance of the marine environment
[1]). The chosen polymer materials were polycaprolactone modified with thermoplastic starch (PCL/TPS > 85%) or with calcium
carbonate (60% PCL/40% CaCO3). They were incubated in seawater in the presence of A. variabilis. The chlorophyll a content was determined as the criterion of cyanobacterial growth in the presence of the tested polymers. The polymer surface
and colour changes in the cyanobacterium culture were recorded photographically. The experimental results indicate that the
addition of polymer samples to the cyanobacterium culture affects its biological balance. During the experiment in seawater,
cyanobacteria adhered to the polymer surfaces and their growth was stimulated to different degree by the polymers. Thus, the
suggested test differentiate the behaviour of both materials studied. Cyanobacterial growth was lower in the presence of PCL
modified with calcium carbonate than in the presence PCL/TPS blend. 相似文献
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Jan Deja Alicja Uliasz-Bochenczyk Eugeniusz Mokrzycki 《International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control》2010,4(4):583-588
The cement industry is one of the most significant sources of anthropogenic emissions of CO2. It is connected with the specific character of the production processes, during which great quantities of CO2 are produced. Basic actions to reduce CO2 emissions recommended by the European Union's, Reference Document on Best Available Techniques in the Cement and Lime Manufacturing Industries, include: reduction of fuel consumption, selection of raw materials with low content of organic compounds and fuels with low coal contribution to heating value. All actions connected with the improvement of energy conversion efficiency of the cement production process cause CO2 emissions reduction. The use of at most acceptable by the valid standards amounts of waste as raw materials and additives for cement production, also brings about the reduction of significant part of CO2 emissions. These measures have been and continue to be pursued by the cement factories in Poland. This article describes the evolution of the cement industry in Poland over the period 1998–2008 and the resulting changes in CO2 emissions and explores the drivers for these changes. The sources of CO2 emissions in cement industry have been presented in this article as well as a discussion of potential ways to reduce Polish cement industry emissions even further. 相似文献
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Cholewa Tomasz Siuta-Olcha Alicja 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(12):14310-14318
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Increasing the level of energy efficiency and using renewable energy sources in the design and existing buildings is an important aspect in minimizing... 相似文献
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