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201.
Measuring Suspended‐Sediment Concentration and Turbidity in the Middle Mississippi and Lower Missouri Rivers Using Landsat Data
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Leticia S. F. Pereira Lisa C. Andes Amanda L. Cox Abduwasit Ghulam 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2018,54(2):440-450
The Middle Mississippi River (MMR) and lower Missouri River (MOR) provide critical navigation waterways, ecological habitat, and flood conveyance. They are also directly linked to processes affecting geomorphic and ecological conditions in the lower MR and Delta. For this study, a method was developed to measure suspended‐sediment concentration (SSC) and turbidity along the MMR and the lower MOR using Landsat imagery. Data from nine United States Geological Survey water‐quality monitoring stations were used to create a model‐development dataset and a model‐validation dataset. Concurrent gaging data were identified for available Landsat images to generate the datasets. Surface‐reflectance filters were developed to eliminate images with cirrus cloud coverage or vessel traffic. Using the filtered model‐development dataset, unique reflectance‐SSC and reflectance‐turbidity models were developed for three Landsat sensors: Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager, Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus, and Landsat 4–5 Thematic Mapper. Coefficient of determination values for the models ranged from 0.72 to 0.88 for the model‐development dataset. The model‐validation dataset was used to evaluate the performance of the models and had coefficient of determination values ranging from 0.62 to 0.79. 相似文献
202.
Scott Creel ‡ Jennifer E. Fox † Amanda Hardy Jennifer Sands Bob Garrott Rolf O. Peterson† 《Conservation biology》2002,16(3):809-814
203.
Clements A 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2004,99(1-3):233-243
Desertification of shrub and grassland into pinyon-juniper woodland is occurring over much of the Colorado Plateau in the
southwestern United States. As trees invade, they out-compete shrubs and grasses, increasing erosion rates and reducing infiltration
of moisture into the soil. This has caused habitat problems for wildlife, and reduced forage for livestock. These impacts
also affect the human communities that rely on ranching and tourism related to hunting. Past land use and management practices
including heavy livestock grazing, fire suppression and introduction of exotic annual plants are believed to have led to current
conditions. The Montrose office of the Bureau of Land Management has implemented an ecosystem-based program to reverse the
desertification process on public land. The program is centered on detailed landscape objectives describing the desired vegetation
mosaic on 360 000 ha of public land. The objectives outline proportions of plant seral stages and arrays of patch sizes for
each planning unit. These objectives are based on priority management issues and the need to replicate a natural vegetation
mosaic. Where the existing mosaic does not meet objectives, mechanical vegetation treatments and prescribed fire are used
to create early and mid-seral patches on the ground. This restored vegetation pattern and type should be sustained over time
through a natural fire regime and improved livestock management. Because many uncertainties exist, an adaptive management
process is being used that allows mosaic objectives to be changed or processes modified where monitoring or scientific research
indicate a need. 相似文献
204.
205.
Amanda B. White Praveen Kumar Patricia M. Saco Bruce L. Rhoads Ben C. Yen 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2003,39(6):1547-1560
ABSTRACT: The objective of this work is to determine the effects of extension of a stream network through land drainage activities during the late 1800s on the hydrologic response of a watershed. The Mackinaw River Basin in Central Illinois was chosen as the focus and the pre‐land and post‐land drainage activity hydrologic responses were obtained through convolution of the hill slope and channel responses and compared. The hill slope response was computed using the kinematic wave model and the channel response was determined using the geomorphologic instantaneous unit hydrograph method. Our hypothesis was that the hydrologic response of the basin would exhibit the characteristic effects of settlement (i.e., increases in peak discharges and decreases in times to peak). This, indeed, is what occurred; however, the increase in peak discharges diminishes as scale increases, leaving only the decrease in times to peak. At larger scales, the dispersive effects of the longer hill slope lengths in the pre‐settlement scenario seem to balance the depressive effects of the longer path lengths in the post‐settlement scenario, thus the pre‐settlement and post‐settlement peak discharges are approximately equivalent. At small scales, the dispersion caused by the hill slope is larger in the pre‐settlement case; thus, the post‐settlement peak discharges are greater than the pre‐settlement. 相似文献
206.
Approaches to biodiversity and catchment planning increasingly recognize the importance of the 'wider countryside' rather than the more site-specific focus of traditional environmental management programmes. Biodiversity depends on the viability of ecosystems across the whole countryside, and not only in designated reserves; equally, the quantity and quality of inland waters reflect overall conditions within river catchments, as well as the hydrological conditions of specific river channels. However, planning of these wider areas involves partnerships and agreements between a range of actors, which generally must be negotiated on a consensual basis and are vulnerable to subsequent dissent. This paper examines the actor-networks which have arisen in some innovative examples of 'wider countryside' planning and assesses their durability and contribution to the attainment of environmental objectives. 相似文献
207.
In classical theory, species are assumed to achieve dominance through competitive exclusion, but if food resources are limiting, cross-habitat trophic subsidies could also underpin dominance. The impact of dominant species on community dynamics may depend on the energy base of population size. We report on an unusual, spatially subsidized population of a tropical, stream-dwelling crab that dominates the benthic fauna of a Kenyan stream. Diet and stable isotope analyses indicated that this crab is a true omnivore, with terrestrial subsidies dominating both plant and animal resources. Unusually, the animal prey included almost no aquatic invertebrates. Instead, a single species of ant constituted approximately 35% of the annual diet (stomach contents analysis) and up to 90% of assimilated nitrogen (estimates from stable isotope analysis). Ants may be pivotal to enabling crab dominance, and this crab may be largely disconnected from the local trophic network for its dietary needs. The paucity of other invertebrates in the stream community suggests that this super-dominant crab is a strong interactor that suppresses aquatic invertebrate populations. Common stabilizing attributes of spatially subsidized food webs (e.g., asynchronous prey availability, wide feeding niche, consumer migration) were absent from this system, and although apparently stable, it may be vulnerable to disturbance in the donor habitat. 相似文献
208.
209.
This study advances the limited research on work alignment and work engagement by investigating how perceived alignment of job tasks and organizational strategic priorities (strategic alignment) influences work engagement. Measures of job control and work social support were also included to enable comparisons between strategic alignment and other well‐established job resources. A total of 1011 employees of an Australian state police service responded to three electronic, self‐report surveys. A reciprocal model was assessed over three waves of data, with varying time lags: 18 (Time 1 to Time 2), 12 (Time 2 to Time 3), and 30 months (Time 1 to Time 3). Longitudinal, reciprocal relationships were observed for work engagement and job control, strategic alignment, and colleague support. Work engagement also predicted supervisor support over time (reverse effect). This study demonstrated that, in addition to job resources, perceived alignment of job tasks and organizational priorities plays an important role in maintaining high levels of work engagement over time. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
210.
Burgess-Conforti Jason R. Moore Philip A. Owens Phillip R. Miller David M. Ashworth Amanda J. Hays Phillip D. Evans-White Michelle A. Anderson Kelsey R. 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2019,26(15):14920-14929
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In 2008, the Mulberry River, a National Wild and Scenic River, was listed as impaired due to low pH (below pH 6.0). Over the last... 相似文献