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401.
We appreciate the technical assistance by E. Roth, U. Sachade, H. Söchting-Mayr, M. Weyerer. We thank for support the Fonds der chemischen Industrie and the Deutsche Forschungsgemainschaft (M.W.) and the Max-PlanckGesellschaft (D.S.). 相似文献
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François Schneider Giorgos Kallis Joan Martinez-Alier 《Journal of Cleaner Production》2010,18(6):511-518
This article reviews the burgeoning emerging literature on sustainable degrowth. This is defined as an equitable downscaling of production and consumption that increases human well-being and enhances ecological conditions at the local and global level, in the short and long term. The paradigmatic propositions of degrowth are that economic growth is not sustainable and that human progress without economic growth is possible. Degrowth proponents come from diverse origins. Some are critics of market globalization, new technologies or the imposition of western models of development in the rest of the world. All criticize GDP accounting though they propose often different social and ecological indicators. Degrowth theorists and practitioners support an extension of human relations instead of market relations, demand a deepening of democracy, defend ecosystems, and propose a more equal distribution of wealth. We distinguish between depression, i.e. unplanned degrowth within a growth regime, and sustainable degrowth, a voluntary, smooth and equitable transition to a regime of lower production and consumption. The question we ask is how positive would degrowth be if instead of being imposed by an economic crisis, it would actually be a democratic collective decision, a project with the ambition of getting closer to ecological sustainability and socio-environmental justice worldwide.Most articles in this issue were originally presented at the April 2008 conference in Paris on Economic Degrowth for Ecological Sustainability and Social Equity. This conference brought the word degrowth and the concepts around it into an international academic setting. Articles of this special issue are summarized in this introductory article. Hueting, d'Alessandro and colleagues, van den Bergh, Kerschner, Spangenberg and Alcott discuss whether current growth patterns are (un)sustainable and offer different perspectives on what degrowth might mean, and whether and under what conditions it might be desirable. Matthey and Hamilton focus on social dynamics and the obstacles and opportunities for voluntary social action towards degrowth. Lietaert and Cattaneo with Gavaldà offer a down-to-earth empirical discussion of two practical living experiments: cohousing and squats, highlighting the obstacles for scaling up such alternatives. Finally van Griethuysen explains why growth is an imperative in modern market economies, raising also the question whether degrowth is possible without radical institutional changes. 相似文献
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Anja Gladbach David Joachim Gladbach Martina Koch Alexandra Kuchar Erich Möstl Petra Quillfeldt 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2011,65(7):1491-1498
The measurement of faecal glucocorticoid metabolites is used as a non-invasive technique to study stress in animal populations.
They have been used most widely in mammals, and mammalian studies have also treated issues such as sample stability and storage
methods. In birds, faecal corticosterone metabolite (CM) assays have been validated for a small number of species, and adequate
storage under field conditions has not been addressed explicitly in previous studies. Furthermore, while it is well-established
that baseline plasma corticosterone levels in birds rise with declining body condition, no study so far investigated if this
relationship is also reflected in faecal samples. We here present data of a field study in wild Upland geese Chloephaga picta leucoptera on the Falkland Islands, testing different storage methods and investigating the relationship of faecal CM concentrations
to body condition and reproductive parameters. We found that faecal CM measures are significantly repeatable within individuals,
higher in individuals with lower body condition in both male and female wild Upland geese and higher in later breeding females
with smaller broods. These results suggest that measuring faecal CM values may be a valuable non-invasive tool to monitor
the relative condition or health of individuals and populations, especially in areas where there still is intense hunting
practice. 相似文献
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Anja Soboll Michael Elbers Roland Barthel Juergen Schmude Andreas Ernst Ralf Ziller 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2011,16(4):477-498
Within climate change impact research, the consideration of socioeconomic processes remains a challenge. Socioeconomic systems
must be equipped to react and adapt to global change. However, any reasonable development or assessment of sustainable adaptation
strategies requires a comprehensive consideration of human-environment interactions. This requirement can be met through multi-agent
simulation, as demonstrated in the interdisciplinary project GLOWA-Danube (GLObal change of the WAter Cycle; ). GLOWA-Danube has developed an integrated decision support tool for water and land use management in the Upper Danube catchment
(parts of Germany and Austria, 77,000 km2). The scientific disciplines invoked in the project have implemented sixteen natural and social science models, which are
embedded in the simulation framework DANUBIA. Within DANUBIA, a multi-agent simulation approach is used to represent relevant
socioeconomic processes. The structure and results of three of these multi-agent models, WaterSupply, Household and Tourism,
are presented in this paper. A main focus of the paper is on the development of global change scenarios (climate and society)
and their application to the presented models. The results of different simulation runs demonstrate the potential of multi-agent
models to represent feedbacks between different water users and the environment. Moreover, the interactive usage of the framework
allows to define and vary scenario assumptions so as to assess the impact of potential interventions. It is shown that integrated
modelling and scenario design not only provide valuable information, but also offer a platform for discussing complex human-environment-interactions
with stakeholders. 相似文献
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