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41.
Jörg Matschullat Tim Scharnweber Dieter Garbe-Schönberg Annette Walther Volkmar Wirth 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(10):1201-1211
ABSTRACT Epilithic lichen (Xanthoria elegans in Canada, Lecanora muralis in Germany) were gathered from 17 locations in Ontario, Canada (from Lake Ontario to James Bay) and 43 locations in Germany (from the Alps to the North Sea and from the Baltic Sea to the Erzgebirge). Sample aliquots were digested in nitric acid and trace elements were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrom-etry techniques. The organohalogens were determined as absorbable organic halogens (AOXs) by coulometry. Concentration ranges from Germany for trace element samples and AOXs were determined. The lichen showed high spatial resolution in their element enrichment patterns. This allowed for differentiation between natural and anthropogenic dominance in ambient air concentrations. This biomonitoring method has proven to be very sensitive, fast, and reliable. No clear relationship could be found between trace element and AOX concentrations. The AOX values may reflect individual metabolic rates of the fungal partner in lichen symbionts. 相似文献
42.
Charlotte E. Riis Anders G. Christensen Annette P. Mortensen Henrik Jannerup 《补救:环境净化治理成本、技术与工艺杂志》2010,20(2):27-43
This article discusses a project demonstrating the successful use of a novel horizontal biobarrier approach to protect a fractured limestone aquifer from continuing contamination while passive bioremediation of the overlying clay till source area is in progress. The emplacement of the biobarrier has significantly reduced the concentrations of chlorinated ethenes and dechlorination activity in the limestone aquifer, promoting complete reductive dechlorination of the trichloroethene plume. The biobarrier strategy has thus met the challenge of protecting the limestone from the overlying overburden. Direct GeoProbe injections performed in the source area, which consist of a clay till overburden, have also reduced the contaminant concentrations in the clay till due to enhanced dechlorination activity; however, repeat injections may be required to address the areas of the till in which the injectate has not yet been distributed. The time frame for remediating the source area in the till is expected to be on the order of a decade. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
43.
Heinz Rüdel Annette Fliedner Jan Kösters Christa Schröter-Kermani 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2010,17(5):1025-1034
Purpose
As one component of the German ecological environment observation, the Environmental Specimen Bank program was initiated in the mid-1980s. Under the program, representative specimens of marine, fresh water, and terrestrial ecosystems are sampled regularly and archived under chemically stable conditions. An initial characterization of the samples provides data regarding the status quo of the respective ecosystems. The aim of the present publication is to give insight into these real-time monitoring data, which have been generated for the last 10 to 20 years. This is done exemplarily for the heavy metals cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb) in marine specimens of the Baltic and the North Sea. 相似文献44.
Andreas Albrecht Katja Kiel Annette Kolk 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2007,13(2):201-213
In 2004/2005, a European Twinning Project was carried out to support Polish occupational safety and health institutions in putting into practice Directive 2000/54/EC regarding the protection of workers from risks related to exposure to biological agents at work. Information on and training in sampling and analysing biological agents of people responsible for bioaerosol measurements and the assessment of measuring results from the workplace atmosphere were part of the project. This paper is an extract of the authors' activities within the project and can be used as a tool for comparable activities in future projects with other European Union candidates. It gives information on working standards for bioaerosol measurements worked out and commonly used in Germany within the frame of European guidelines for bioaerosol measurements in the workplace atmosphere. Additionally it summarizes the authors' long practical experience in carrying out bioaerosol measurements in the atmosphere of various workplaces. 相似文献
45.
Duarte-Guardia Sandra Peri Pablo L. Amelung Wulf Sheil Douglas Laffan Shawn W. Borchard Nils Bird Michael I. Dieleman Wouter Pepper David A. Zutta Brian Jobbagy Esteban Silva Lucas C. R. Bonser Stephen P. Berhongaray Gonzalo Piñeiro Gervasio Martinez Maria-Jose Cowie Annette L. Ladd Brenton 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2019,24(3):355-372
Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change - Soils hold the largest pool of organic carbon (C) on Earth; yet, soil organic carbon (SOC) reservoirs are not well represented in climate... 相似文献
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Benjamin Pauget Frédéric Gimbert Mickael Coeurdassier Coline Druart Nadia Crini Annette de Vaufleury 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(4):2987-2996
To better understand the fate of metals in the environment, numerous parameters must be studied, such as the soil properties and the different sources of contamination for the organisms. Among bioindicators of soil quality, the garden snail (Cantareus aspersus) integrates multiple sources (e.g. soil, plant) and routes (e.g. digestive, cutaneous) of contamination. However, the contribution of each source on metal bioavailability and how soil properties influence these contributions have never been studied when considering the dynamic process of bioavailability. Using accumulation kinetics, this study showed that the main assimilation source of Cd was lettuce (68 %), whereas the main source of Pb was the soil (90 %). The plant contribution increased in response to a 2-unit soil pH decrease. Unexpectedly, an increase in the soil contribution to metal assimilation accompanied an increase in the organic matter (OM) content of the soil. For both metals, no significant excretion and influence of source on excretion have been modelled either during exposure or depuration. This study highlights how the contribution of different sources to metal bioavailability changes based on changes in soil parameters, such as pH and OM, and the complexity of the processes that modulate metal bioavailability. 相似文献
49.
Annette L. Cowie Pete Smith Dale Johnson 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2006,11(5-6):979-1002
Interest in bioenergy is growing across the Western world in response to mounting concerns about climate change. There is a risk of depletion of soil carbon stocks in biomass production systems, because a higher proportion of the organic matter and nutrients are removed from the site, compared with conventional agricultural and forestry systems. This paper reviews the factors that influence soil carbon dynamics in bioenergy systems, and utilises the model FullCAM to investigate the likely magnitude of soil carbon change where bioenergy systems replace conventional land uses. Environmental and management factors govern the magnitude and direction of change. Soil C losses are most likely where soil C is initially high, such as where improved pasture is converted to biomass production. Bioenergy systems are likely to enhance soil C where these replace conventional cropping, as intensively cropped soils are generally depleted in soil C. Measures that enhance soil C include maintenance of productivity through application of fertilisers, inclusion of legumes, and retention of nutrient-rich foliage on-site. Modelling results demonstrate that loss of soil carbon in bioenergy systems is associated with declines in the resistant plant matter and humified soil C pools. However, published experimental data and modelling results indicate that total soil C loss in bioenergy systems is generally small. Thus, although there may be some decline in soil carbon associated with biomass production, this is negligible in comparison with the contribution of bioenergy systems towards greenhouse mitigation through avoided fossil fuel emissions. 相似文献
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