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81.
Andreas Meyer-Aurich Jørgen E. Olesen Annette Prochnow Reiner Brunsch 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2013,18(7):921-932
Agricultural lands have been identified to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions primarily by production of energy crops and substituting fossil energy resources and through carbon sequestration in soils. Increased fertilizer input resulting in increased yields may reduce the area needed for crop production. The surplus area could be used for energy production without affecting the land use necessary for food and feed production. We built a model to investigate the effect of changing nitrogen (N) fertilizer rates on cropping area required for a given amount of crops. We found that an increase in nitrogen fertilizer supply is only justified if GHG mitigation with additional land is higher than 9–15 t carbon dioxide equivalents per hectare (CO2-eq../ha). The mitigation potential of bioenergy production from energy crops is most often not in this range. Hence, from a GHG abatement point of view land should rather be used to produce crops at moderate fertilizer rate than to produce energy crops. This may change if farmers are forced to reduce their N input due to taxes or governmental regulations as it is the case in Denmark. However, with a fertilizer rate 10 % below the economical optimum a reduction of N input is still more effective than the production of bioenergy unless mitigation effect of the bioenergy production exceeds 7 t carbon dioxide (CO2)-eq../ha. An intensification of land use in terms of N supply to provide more land for bioenergy production can only in exceptional cases be justified to mitigate GHG emissions with bioenergy under current frame conditions in Germany and Denmark. 相似文献
82.
Colpaert Romain Petit dit Grézériat Lucas Louzon Maxime de Vaufleury Annette Gimbert Frédéric 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(20):29258-29267
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Plastic has become the most widespread human-made material and small fragments (< 5mm, so called microplastics, MPs) accumulate in all the... 相似文献
83.
Louzon Maxime Devalloir Quentin Gimbert Frédéric Pauget Benjamin Rieffel Dominique de Vaufleury Annette 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(14):17343-17354
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - An accurate assessment of the environmental risk of soils contaminated by metal(loid)s (MEs) requires quantifying exposure and knowing the toxicity of... 相似文献
84.
Louzon Maxime Gimbert Frédéric Belly Thibault Amiot Caroline Pauget Benjamin de Vaufleury Annette Capelli Nicolas 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(32):43629-43642
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - To date, no study has linked the environmental and the ecogenotoxicological bioavailability of contaminants to land snails. Yet, understanding the... 相似文献
85.
Annette Watson 《Environmental management》2013,52(5):1085-1102
Governments, NGOs, and natural scientists have increased research and policy-making collaborations with Indigenous peoples for governing natural resources, including official co-management regimes. However, there is continuing dissatisfaction with such collaborations, and calls for better communication and mutual learning to create more “adaptive” co-management regimes. This, however, requires that both Western and Indigenous knowledge systems be equal participants in the “co-production” of regulatory data. In this article, I examine the power dynamics of one co-management regulatory regime, conducting a multi-sited ethnography of the practices of researching and managing one transnational migratory species, greater white-fronted geese (Anser albifrons frontalis), who nest where Koyukon Athabascans in Alaska, USA, practice subsistence. Analyzing the ethnographic data through the literatures of critical geography, science studies and Indigenous Studies, I describe how the practice of researching for co-management can produce conflict. “Scaling” the data for the co-management regime can marginalize Indigenous understandings of human–environment relations. While Enlightenment-based practices in wildlife biology avoid “anthropomorphism,” Indigenous Studies describes identities that operate through non-modern, deeply imbricated human–nonhuman identities that do not separate “nature” and “society” in making knowledge. Thus, misunderstanding the “nature” of their collaborations causes biologists and managers to measure and research the system in ways that erase how subsistence-based Indigenous groups already “manage” wildlife: by living through their ethical commitments to their fellow beings. At the end of the article, I discuss how managers might learn from these ontological and epistemological differences to better “co-produce” data for co-management. 相似文献
86.
Berndt-Michael Wilke Kerstin Hund-Rinke Silvia Pieper Jörg Römbke Annette Marschner 《Environmental Sciences Europe》2004,16(3):155-160
Goal and Scope
In the German Federal Soil Protection and Contaminated Sites Ordinance there are no ecotoxicological trigger values for the protection of soil as a habitat for soil organisms. The objective of this study was to derive preliminary trigger values for the habitat function of soils. This was done by collecting data on the impact of priority pollutants on soil organisms and plants followed by the parallel use of the Factorial Application Method (FAME) and Distribution Based Extrapolation (DIBAEX) and a final verification of the plausibility of the calculated trigger values by means of an ecotoxicological test battery.Methods
Data on the effects of pollutants on soil organisms and plants were recorded in a specific data base (Soil Value). Subsequently, we derived so-called ‘working trigger values’ using the extrapolation methods FAME (factorial application method) and DIBAEX (distribution based extrapolation). In the second phase of the project, we verified experimentally the plausibility of these values by means of an ecotoxicological test battery. Test substrate was a sandy soil with low sorption capacity and organic carbon content which was mixed with fresh pollutants (e.g. heavy metal salts) and polluted soil material from contaminated sites (aged contamination), respectively. Organisms tested were microorganisms, plants, earthworms, springtails and nematodes.Results and Conclusions
We calculated working trigger values for 12 pollutants based on 900 datasets compiled in he data base. The laboratory investigations showed the freshly added contaminants to be less strongly adsorbed to the soil than those added by the use of contaminated soil material. Nevertheless, aged contaminations displayed often the same inhibitive effects as the freshly added chemicals. The results achieved in the second phase of the project were also recorded in the Soil-Value database. Based on the new data set, final trigger values were derived for the experimentally tested substances.Outlook
The procedure described in this contribution exemplarily for copper can be used for the derivation of recommended trigger values for the pathway soil ? soil organisms. Besides copper, preliminary trigger values were derived for zinc, mercury, lead and HCH. 相似文献87.
Olle Anderbrant Fredrik Östrand Gunnar Bergström Ann-Britt Wassgren Marie-Anne Auger-Rozenberg Claude Geri Erik Hedenström Hans-Erik Högberg Annette Herz Werner Heitland 《Chemoecology》2005,15(3):147-151
Summary. The first identification of a sex pheromone of a pine sawfly (Hymenoptera, Diprionidae) dates back almost thirty years. Since then, female-produced pheromones of over twenty diprionid species have been investigated by solvent extraction followed by separation and identification. However, no study has shown what the females actually release. Collection of airborne compounds using absorbtion on charcoal filter as well as solid phase microextraction (SPME) followed by analysis employing gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (GC-MS), revealed an unusual system in Diprion pini, in which the pheromone precursor alcohol, 3,7-dimethyl-2-tridecanol, is released together with acetic, propionic, butyric and isobutyric acids. The corresponding acetate, propionate and butyrate esters of 3,7-dimethyl-2-tridecanol were also found in the samples. All esters were electrophysiologically active, and the propionate and isobutyrate were attractive in trapping experiments. Based on these and earlier reported results, it seems that at least in part of its range, the pheromone response of D. pini is not very specific with regard to the functional group, as long as this is an ester. 相似文献
88.
Rudolf Huth Rainer Hartmann Michaela Kiesel Wilhelm Pyka Annette Stallauer 《Environmental Sciences Europe》2004,16(4):239-244
Goal and Scope
The goal of this study is the investigation and the grafic presentation of the characteristic redox zonation in a mineral oil contaminated aquifer which will be formed in the plume downstream of the contamination source. Methanogenic conditions, sulfate-reduction, Fe(III)-reduction, Mn(IV)-reduction, nitrate-reduction, aerobic conditions. By that indications type and degree of microbial degradation which is the most important part in Natural Attenuation (NA) processes can be obtained easily.Methods
Changes of the groundwater parameters Eh, O2, NO 3 ? , SO4 2?, Fe2+, Mn2+, HCO3 ?, Ca2+ will be measured upstream, downstream and also in the centre of the plume. The results will be presented in a sequence of special diagrams.Results and Conclusion
When microbial degradation of hydrocarbons takes place, a microbial community will always use that electron acceptor from which it will gain a maximum of energy by the corresponding redox-reactions. This means as long as oxygen is available this will be used. After its depletion nitrate serves as electron acceptor leading via nitrite to the formation of nitrogen or ammonia. Manganese (IV) and Iron (III) species which are rather insoluble are mainly available from the soil-phase, can act as electron acceptor as next, leading to soluble Manganese (II) and Iron (II) compounds in groundwater. Finally before methanogenic conditions occur sulphate will become a suitable electron acceptor leading to the formation of hydrogen sulphide. All these processes of mineralization of the hydrocarbons will lead to the production of CO2 and as consequence to an increase of HCO3 ? in groundwater changing the calcareous/carbonic acid-equilibrium. By that more soluble Ca(HCO3)2 is formed from insoluble CaCO3, so the concentration from Ca2+ will also inerease. Thus, by the action of microorganisms, a typical redox-zonation and changes of other parameters will occur.Recommendations and Perspective
To follow the changes in time and space of some characteristic groundwater parameters is a simple way to estimate the potential of microbial degradation in a contaminated aquifer considering Natural Attenuation (NA)-processes. 相似文献89.
Aalto P Hämeri K Paatero P Kulmala M Bellander T Berglind N Bouso L Castaño-Vinyals G Sunyer J Cattani G Marconi A Cyrys J von Klot S Peters A Zetzsche K Lanki T Pekkanen J Nyberg F Sjövall B Forastiere F 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2005,55(8):1064-1076
In this study, long-term aerosol particle total number concentration measurements in five metropolitan areas across Europe are presented. The measurements have been carried out in Augsburg, Barcelona, Helsinki, Rome, and Stockholm using the same instrument, a condensation particle counter (TSI model 3022). The results show that in all of the studied cities, the winter concentrations are higher than the summer concentrations. In Helsinki and in Stockholm, winter concentrations are higher by a factor of two and in Augsburg almost by a factor of three compared with summer months. The winter maximum of the monthly average concentrations in these cities is between 10,000 cm(-3) and 20,000 cm(-3), whereas the summer min is approximately 5000-6000 cm(-3). In Rome and in Barcelona, the winters are more polluted compared with summers by as much as a factor of 4-10. The winter maximum in both Rome and Barcelona is close to 100,000 cm(-3), whereas the summer minimum is > 10,000 cm(-3). During the weekdays the maximum of the hourly average concentrations in all of the cities is detected during the morning hours between 7 and 10 a.m. The evening maxima were present in Barcelona, Rome, and Augsburg, but these were not as pronounced as the morning ones. The daily maxima in Helsinki and Stockholm are close or even lower than the daily minima in the more polluted cities. The concentrations between these two groups of cities are different with a factor of about five during the whole day. The study pointed out the influence of the selection of the measurement site and the configuration of the sampling line on the observed concentrations. 相似文献
90.