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西北地区可持续发展应注意的主要问题与对策 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
本文在分析西北地区社会、经济及自然状况的基础上 ,着重从资源与环境方面指出该地区可持续发展应注意的主要问题 ,并针对这些问题 ,提出以可持续发展为目标的资源、环境策略。 相似文献
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Sophie?GourguetEmail author Olivier?Thébaud Sarah?Jennings L.?Richard?Little Catherine?M.?Dichmont Sean?Pascoe Roy?A.?Deng Luc?Doyen 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2016,21(3):371-389
Fisheries management must address multiple, often conflicting objectives in a highly uncertain context. In particular, while the bio-economic performance of trawl fisheries is subject to high levels of biological and economic uncertainty, the impact of trawling on broader biodiversity is also a major concern for their management. The purpose of this study is to propose an analytical framework to formally assess the trade-offs associated with balancing biological, economic and non-target species conservation objectives. We use the Australian Northern Prawn Fishery (NPF), which is one of the most valuable federally managed commercial fisheries in Australia, as a case study. We develop a stochastic co-viability assessment of the fishery under multiple management objectives. Results show that, due to the variability in the interactions between the fishery and the ecosystem, current management strategies are characterized by biological and economic risks. Results highlight the trade-offs between respecting biological, economic and non-target species conservation constraints at each point in time with a high probability and maximizing the net present value of the fishery. 相似文献
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The distribution of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was investigated in a total of 15 water and sediment samples from the Yellow River Estuary, China in April 2011. The results indicated that the concentrations of PFOS in the water and sediment samples averaged 157.5 ng/L and 198.8 ng/g and ranged from 82.30 to 261.8 ng/L and 75.48 to 457.0 ng/g, respectively. The concentrations of PFOS in the sediment column increased from 45.32 to 379.98 ng/g with the decrease of the sampling depth, which showed that the increased PFOS pollution in the sediment appeared in this region in over recent years. The distribution coefficient (K d) of PFOS between water and sediment linearly increased from 0.37 to 4.80 L/g as the salinity (S‰) increased from 0.18 to 4.47. Correlation analysis revealed that K d was significantly and positively correlated to the contents of total organic carbon and clay of the sediment, and salinity. Therefore, salinity was an important parameter in controlling the sediment–water interactions and the fate or transport of PFOS in the aquatic environment. The results of this study showed that the estuary was an important sink for PFOS and suggested that PFOS might be carried with the river water and transported for long distances before it reached to the sea and largely scavenged to the sediment in the estuaries due to the change in salinity. 相似文献
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传统的金刚石生产中提纯工艺采用大量的硝酸、硫酸和盐酸进行处理,会产生大量的有害气体、含酸废水和含有大量镍等重金属离子的废弃物,既浪费资源义对环境造成严重污染.通过实验在生产工艺中增加了电解工序,把电解工序应用于酸煮去杂工序之前,用电化学的方法回收80%以上的金属镍,提高了后处理效率,达到在生产过程中控制和减少污染物的产生,从源头上减少化工原料的投入和使用.以年产18亿克拉人造金刚石企业为个案,对比了粉体触媒法合成高品级人造金刚石生产中用电解法后处理与传统的酸煮法后处理2种工艺中污染物产生、处理费用和效益.结果表明,与传统的酸煮法后处理2种工艺相比,电解法后处理工艺可使混合酸(硝酸、硫酸和盐酸)用量减少11 400 t/a,含镍污泥产生量减少2 250 t/a,生产废水排放量减少10.05万m3/a,氢氧化钠(30%)用量减少1 300 t/a,新鲜水用量减少16万m3/a,而用电量和柴油用量分别增加1 000万kWh/a和200 t/a,由此年创利润916万元. 相似文献
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Haiyan Jiang Hongxing Dai Xue Meng Lei Zhang Jiguang Deng Yuxi Liu Chak Tong Au 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2012,24(3):449-457
Monoclinic BiVO4 with multiple morphologies and/or porous structures were fabricated using the hydrothermal strategy. The materials were characterized by means of the XRD, Raman, TGA/DSC, SEM, XPS, and UV-Vis techniques. The photocatalytic activities of the BiVO4 materials were evaluated for the degradation of Methyl Orange under visible-light irradiation. It is observed that pH value and surfactant exerted a great effect on the morphology and pore structure of the BiVO4 product. Spherical BiVO4 with porous structures, flower-cluster-like BiVO4, and flower-bundle-like BiVO4 were generated hydrothermally at 100℃ with poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) and urea (pH = 2) and at 160℃ with NaHCO3 (pH = 7 and 8), respectively. The PVP-derived BiVO4 showed much higher surface areas (5.0-8.4 m2/g) and narrower bandgap energies (2.45-2.49 eV). The best photocatalytic performance of the spherical BiVO4 material with a surface area of 8.4 m2/g was associated with its higher surface area, narrower bandgap energy, higher surface oxygen vacancy density, and unique porous architecture. 相似文献
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Hua Wang Yun Zhu Carey Jang Che-Jen Lin Shuxiao Wang Joshua S. Fu Jian Gao Shuang Deng Junping Xie Dian Ding Xuezhen Qiu Shicheng Long 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2015
Due to the increasingly stringent standards, it is important to assess whether the proposed emission reduction will result in ambient concentrations that meet the standards. The Software for Model Attainment Test—Community Edition (SMAT-CE) is developed for demonstrating attainment of air quality standards of O3 and PM2.5. SMAT-CE improves computational efficiency and provides a number of advanced visualization and analytical functionalities on an integrated GIS platform. SMAT-CE incorporates historical measurements of air quality parameters and simulated air pollutant concentrations under a number of emission inventory scenarios to project the level of compliance to air quality standards in a targeted future year. An application case study of the software based on the U.S. National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) shows that SMAT-CE is capable of demonstrating the air quality attainment of annual PM2.5 and 8-hour O3 for a proposed emission control policy. 相似文献
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