玻璃纸生产废气中的CS_2和H_2S的治理

阐述了玻璃纸生产中CS2和H2S废气产生的原理,介绍了该废气处理的现状,总结了目前普遍采用的冷凝法、活性炭吸附法、活性碳纤维吸附法、改性活性炭吸附法、螯合铁氧化法、吸收—吸附法等处理方法的特点和效果。介绍了一种先采用螯合铁氧化法、再采用冷凝法、最后采用活性炭吸附法的综合处理工艺,可使废气达标排放。     

海洋围隔生态系中疏浚物倾倒对养殖贝类的生态效应研究

应用海上围隔实验技术现场模拟了疏浚物倾倒,并对倾倒引起的悬浮物浓度增加对海洋贝类的生态效应影响进行了研究.实验结果显示:倾倒引起的高悬浮物浓度易对贝类生物组织器官造成损害;贝类对疏浚物中溶出的重金属表现出较强的累积能力与一定的选择性,均优先累积Pb,且累积效应显著.海湾扇贝对Zn、Cu、Cd累积较明显,牡蛎对Cd累积较强,Cu、Zn有一定累积;菲律宾蛤仔对Zn、Cu、Cd均有一定累积.扇贝和蛤仔对Hg未呈现累积特征,而牡蛎对Hg有一定累积.倾倒所造成的悬浮物浓度增加直接加剧了贝类对重金属的累积.     

西藏日喀则地区夏、冬季大气颗粒物水溶性离子粒径分布特征

为研究日喀则不同粒径大气颗粒物中水溶性无机离子的组成特征,利用Andersen分级撞击式采样器在夏、冬季进行大气颗粒物分级采样,采用离子色谱测定NH+4、Ca2+、K+、Mg2+、Na+、SO2-4、NO-3和Cl-等8种离子浓度.结果表明,夏、冬季总离子浓度分别为9648±3030、4925±1138 ng·m-3.夏季离子浓度高低顺序为Cl-﹥Ca2+﹥NH+4﹥Na+﹥SO2-4﹥NO-3﹥K+﹥Mg2+,Cl-、Ca2+、NH+4和Na+占总离子浓度的比重为74.9%;冬季水溶性无机离子浓度高低顺序为Cl-﹥SO2-4﹥NH+4﹥NO-3﹥Ca2+﹥Na+﹥K+﹥Mg2+,Cl-、SO2-4、NH+4和NO-3占总离子浓度的比重为88.0%.夏、冬季大气颗粒物中所有水溶性无机离子的粒径分布均成双峰型.夏季,大气颗粒物中SO2-4与Mg2+(r=0.951)、Ca2+(r=0.947),NO-3与Mg2+(r=0.904)、Ca2+(r=0.843),在0.01水平(双侧)上均显著相关;冬季,细粒子中K+与Cl-(r=0.740)、SO2-4(r=0.929)及NO-3(r=0.920),在0.01水平(双侧)上显著相关.     

五峰山—西来桥断裂浅部构造特征∗

利用浅层地震和钻孔联合剖面法对五峰山—西来桥断裂浅部构造特征进行了研究。结果表明：(1)五峰山— 西来桥断裂是一条总体走向 NW、倾向 NE、视倾角 60°,上断点埋深约 96 m 的隐伏正断层,测线控制区域最大视断距约 10 m;(2)五峰山—西来桥断裂在浅部区域走向多变,从姚桥镇西侧沿北北西向延伸至魏家沟村,然后沿北西向延伸至北港路与普照路交汇处附近,最后从大路镇东部通过;(3)综合勘探和钻探结果,初步认为五峰山—西来桥断裂最新活动时代为早更新世早期—中更新世早期。     

城市湖库蓝藻水华形成机理综合建模研究

蓝藻水华形成是诸多营养及环境因素相互作用的结果,因此,本文对城市湖库蓝藻水华形成(包括复苏、萌芽、生长、暴发阶段)这一复杂生态过程进行了综合建模研究.通过在阳光房中模拟湖库蓝藻水华形成过程,采用正交实验分析获得蓝藻生长的关键影响因素,并为蓝藻水华形成机理建模提供相应参量.在此基础上,构建了用于模拟湖库蓝藻水华形成过程的蓝藻生长机理模型,采用遗传算法对机理模型中涉及的参数进行优化率定;同时,考虑蓝藻水华暴发阶段具有突变特性,建立了描述蓝藻水华暴发状态的尖点突变模型,进而构建了城市湖库蓝藻水华形成各阶段的综合机理模型.实验仿真结果表明,该综合机理模型能较好地模拟城市湖库蓝藻从复苏到暴发整个过程的变化规律,且该模型结合了数学机理建模和智能方法的优势,克服了单一蓝藻水华机理模型的缺陷,为湖库蓝藻水华形成机理的深入研究提供了新思路.     

Long-term exposure to air pollution and cerebrovascular disease: findings from Beijing Health Management Cohort study

● This study explored the long-term association by double robust additive models. ● Individual exposure concentrations were assessed by integrating GAM, LUR and BPNN. ● PM_2.5, SO₂ and NO₂ are positively associated with cerebrovascular disease. ● CO could reduce the risk of cerebrovascular disease with the highest robustness. ● The elderly, women and people with normal BMI are at higher risk for air pollution. The relationship between air pollution and cerebrovascular disease has become a popular topic, yet research findings are highly heterogeneous. This study aims to investigate this association based on detailed individual health data and a precise evaluation of their exposure levels. The integrated models of generalized additive model, land use regression model and back propagation neural network were used to evaluate the exposure concentrations. And doubly robust additive model was conducted to explore the association between cerebrovascular disease and air pollution after adjusted for demographic characteristics, physical examination, disease information, geographic and socioeconomic status. A total of 25097 subjects were included in the Beijing Health Management Cohort from 2013 to 2018. With a 1 μg/m³ increase in the concentrations of PM_2.5, SO₂ and NO₂, the incidence risk of cerebrovascular disease increased by 1.02 (95% CI: 1.008–1.034), 1.06 (95% CI: 1.034–1.095) and 1.02 (95% CI: 1.010–1.029) respectively. Whereas CO exposure could decrease the risk, with an odds ratio of 0.38 (95% CI: 0.212–0.626). In the subgroup analysis, individuals under the age of 50 with normal BMI were at higher risk caused by PM_2.5, and SO₂ was considered more hazardous to women. Meanwhile, the protective effect of CO on women and those with normal BMI was stronger. Successful reduction of long-term exposure to PM_2.5, SO₂ and NO₂ would lead to substantial benefits for decrease the risk of cerebrovascular disease especially for the health of the susceptible individuals.     

MIEX树脂在腈纶废水深度处理中的应用

通过试验探讨了MIEX树脂在腈纶废水深度处理方面的技术参数。研究表明,在单独活性污泥法难以实现腈纶废水达标排放的情况下,MIEX树脂可满足稳定达标要求,并对MIEX树脂应用的经济性进行了分析。     

粉煤灰的活化性能研究

研究了粉煤灰的活化方法,确定了最适宜的活化剂HR和相应的活化条件。利用XPS．IR．TEM．TGA和DTA等方法研究了活化粉煤灰的表面成分、基团和形貌。考察了活化粉煤灰的疏水性和在有机介质中的分散性及亲和性。证明活化剂分子是以化学键牢固地结合在粉煤灰表面上而使其显著改性。     

二氯甲烷萃取-HPLC法测定水中的多菌灵

用二氯甲烷液-液萃取氮吹浓缩法萃取水和废水中的多菌灵,取浓缩纯化后的有机相直接进样到高效液相色谱仪,用二极管矩阵检测器检测,根据保留时间外标法定量。实验结果表明,采用此方法可将水体中的多菌灵快速有效地提取,并可获得较高的精密度和准确度。     

声屏障环境影响及其评价探讨

近年来,随着人们环保意识的提高,修建声屏障已成为解决交通噪声问题的首要选择,但与此同时也给沿线的居民和建筑物带来了其他的环境污染问题。在探讨声屏障应该考虑的环境影响因素的基础上,提出把声屏障环境影响评价纳入环境影响评价(EIA)体系中来的建议,为解决声屏障建设发展过程中出现的问题提供参考。