Can SVM be used for automatic EEG detection of drowsiness during car driving?

This study aims to develop an automatic method to detect drowsiness onset while driving. Support vector machines (SVM) represents a superior signal classification tool based on pattern recognition. The usefulness of SVM in identifying and differentiating electroencephalographic (EEG) changes that occur between alert and drowsy states was tested. Twenty human subjects underwent driving simulations with EEG monitoring. Alert EEG was marked by dominant beta activity, while drowsy EEG was marked by alpha dropouts. The duration of eye blinks corresponded well with alertness levels associated with fast and slow eye blinks. Samples of EEG data from both states were used to train the SVM program by using a distinguishing criterion of 4 frequency features across 4 principal frequency bands. The trained SVM program was tested on unclassified EEG data and subsequently checked for concordance with manual classification. The classification accuracy reached 99.3%. The SVM program was also able to predict the transition from alertness to drowsiness reliably in over 90% of data samples. This study shows that automatic analysis and detection of EEG changes is possible by SVM and SVM is a good candidate for developing pre-emptive automatic drowsiness detection systems for driving safety.     

“菌藻-菌”系统处理高浓度有机废水的研究

在藻菌共生流化床光生物反应器与活性污泥的好氧池相结合形成的"菌藻-菌"系统中,对人工配制的高浓度有机废水进行处理研究。主要研究了不同反应时间下,反应器进水、反应器出水、好氧池出水的DO和CO2的浓度变化情况,以及系统对COD、NH4+-N、PO43--P的去除效果,结果表明:藻菌共生之间的联系在一定程度可以通过系统中CO2和DO之间浓度变化的关系来反映;系统对COD、NH4+-N和PO43--P的去除效果较好,去除率最高可分别达到85.0%、73.1%和83.1%,与单独采用藻菌共生流化床光生物反应器处理相比,分别高出14.8%、7.3%和8.8%。     

基于GIS的乡镇洪涝灾害风险评估与区划技术——以山东省淄博市临淄区为例

基于乡镇气象资料历史序列的构建,利用AHP决策分析法和加权综合评价法,结合GIS空间分析技术,对山东省淄博市临淄区洪涝风险进行评估与区划。结果表明,临淄区洪涝危险性主要受洪涝频率影响,总体趋势是东北部高于西南部;洪涝灾害暴露性风险分布区域性较强,西部明显高于东部;脆弱性风险分布相对较分散,总体上北部地区脆弱性高于南部地区;防灾减灾能力北部地区强于南部。临淄区洪涝风险综合指数普遍较高,高值集中在人口、经济密度较高的临淄市区以及危险性较高的西北地区;风险指数受危险性影响较大;全区中、高风险的面积占总面积的69.2%。     

Effects of HMX exposure upon metabolic rate of northern bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) in ovo

We evaluated the use of the gas exchange rate as an ecologically relevant indicator of chemical stress in avian embryos/eggs. Northern bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) were exposed to octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) via feed containing nominal concentrations of 0, 12.5, 50.0, and 125.0 mg kg(-1). Metabolic rates (oxygen consumption) of developing quail eggs were then measured via respirometry to examine potential effects of HMX exposure. Metabolic rates were examined on 5, 9, and 21 d of incubation. Next, concentrations of HMX in embryos/eggs were determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Mean (+/-SE) concentrations of HMX in eggs were 21.0+/-5.9, 1113+/-79.0, 3864+/-154.0, and 7426+/-301.1 ng g(-1) in control, low, medium and high dose groups, respectively. There were significant differences in oxygen consumption among the three embryo ages, however differences among the ages were not consistent among dose groups (age x dose group interaction p<0.0001). Oxygen consumption rates did not vary as a function of HMX in embryos (p=0.18). No evidence was observed for alterations of in ovo metabolic rates associated with HMX exposure.     

Impact of climate fluctuations on deposition of DDT and hexachlorocyclohexane in mountain glaciers: Evidence from ice core records

How do climate fluctuations affect DDT and hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) distribution in the global scale? In this study, the interactions between climate variations and depositions of DDT and HCH in ice cores from Mt. Everest (the Tibetan Plateau), Mt. Muztagata (the eastern Pamirs) and the Rocky Mountains were investigated. All data regarding DDT/HCH deposition were obtained from the published results. Concentrations of DDT and HCH in an ice core from Mt. Everest were associated with the El Nino-Southern Oscillation. Concentrations of DDT in an ice core from Mt. Muztagata were significantly correlated with the Siberia High pattern. Concentrations of HCH in an ice core from Snow Dome of the Rocky Mountains responded to the North Atlantic Oscillation. These associations suggested that there are some linkages between climate variations and the global distribution of persistent organic pollutants.     

Study on CO2 capture using dry potassium-based sorbents through orthogonal test method

The effect of reaction conditions on the carbonation characteristics of K₂CO₃ calcined from KHCO₃ was investigated with a pressurized thermogravimetric apparatus. Results show that the conversion rate decreased as the reaction temperature and pressure increased, and the effect of CO₂ and H₂O concentration is little. The mean reaction rate maintained constant of 3%/min. The maximum reaction rate increased as the temperature and H₂O concentration increased, and the pressure decreased. The reaction temperature and pressure are the key factors, and it is important to control those carefully for this technique. The optimum reaction condition is 60 °C, 18% CO₂, 18% H₂O, and 1 atm. K₂CO₃ calcined from KHCO₃ showed excellent CO₂ capture capability in this condition.     

废弃线路板有价金属回收的物理处理工艺

线路板是绝大多数电子产品达到电路互连的不可缺少的主要组成部件,其中蕴合许多有价金属,如铜、铁、铝、锡、铅、金、银等,其回收方法以物理法为主。介绍了目前占主导地位的几种物理法回收技术及工艺流程,并且提出自己的湿法处理工艺。     

隧道侧部集中排烟模式下排烟速率对烟气层吸穿的影响研究

排烟速率是公路隧道侧部集中排烟模式下烟气层发生吸穿现象最为直接的影响因素.为研究隧道侧部集中排烟模式下烟气层发生吸穿现象的临界条件,分析了隧道侧部集中排烟过程中排烟口处烟气层的受力情况以及不同排烟速率对烟气层吸穿的影响,并结合前人相关的研究成果,进一步分析得到隧道侧部集中排烟模式下排烟口下方烟气层发生吸穿时的临界弗洛德...     

加压溶剂萃取/气相色谱-质谱法测定土壤中的三嗪类农药

建立了加压溶剂萃取/气相色谱-质谱法,用于测定土壤中的10种三嗪类农药.以正己烷-丙酮(体积比1∶1)为萃取剂,对土壤样品进行加压溶剂萃取.将提取液净化浓缩后,采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪进行检测,根据保留时间和特征离子定性,内标法定量.10种三嗪类农药在0.05～5 mg/L范围内的线性关系良好(相关系数≥0.997),...     

陕北水蚀风蚀交错区生物结皮的形成过程与发育特征

生物结皮的形成发育具有明显的时空分异性,荒漠地区的诸多研究结果不能直接推演至黄土高原地区。研究黄土高原生物结皮的形成过程与发育特征,是对全球生物结皮认知的重要补充,也是揭示其生态功能的基础。论文选择陕北黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错区的典型小流域,通过定位动态观察和全面调查测算,探讨生物结皮的发育过程。结果表明：①流域内生物结皮经历了由退耕裸地—物理结皮—生物结皮的发育阶段。退耕撂荒的第1 年,物理结皮便迅速形成;第2 年,土表颜色明显变深,藓结皮开始发育。流域内藓结皮占绝对优势,发育稳定后（15 a）覆盖度可达90%。②不同发育年限生物结皮的物种组成及种数差异很大。发育初期（<6 a）发现苔藓植物2 科4 属5 种,其中芦荟藓（Aloina rigida (Hedw.) Limpr.）和短喙芦荟藓（A. brevirostris (Hook. & Grev.) Kindb.）为先锋优势种。发育稳定的生物结皮（15 a）鉴定出苔藓植物2 科8 属13 种。其中,丛藓科占6 属8 种,以对齿藓属（Didymodon）的尖叶对齿藓（D. constrictus (Mitt.) Saito）、黑对齿藓（D. nigrescens (Mitt.) Saito）、硬叶对齿藓尖叶变种（D. rigidulus Headw. var. ditrichoides (Hedw.) Zand.）所占种数最多。不同阶段的藓结皮均有藻类伴生,发育初期（<6 a）的藓结皮中鉴定出藻类植物26 科35 属50 种。③水热同期的雨季是生物结皮形成的关键时期。发育2 a 的生物结皮厚度达到6.3 mm,超过稳定结皮厚度（9.8~11.8 mm）的50%,抗剪强度约30 kPa。发育初期（<6 a）,容重无明显变化（1.40~1.43 g·cm^-3）,发育稳定（15 a）后容重下降到1.0~1.3 g·cm^-3。该区生物结皮的形成过程同荒漠区类似,但表现出发育速度快、稳定周期短的特点;藻类、苔藓组成及其优势种[坑形细鞘丝藻（Leptolyngbya foveolara）、尖叶对齿藓]与荒漠区明显不同。