能源和环境与区域经济协调发展研究

为了使陕西省的能源、环境和经济协调发展,文章基于陕西省目前能源和环境与经济发展现状,构建了能源和环境与经济协调发展的评价指标体系,提出"协调度"来描述该系统的发展状况,运用层次分析法(AHP)计算出各评估指标的权重和分数,分析评价了能源和环境与区域经济发展的协调性。结果表明:陕西省能源、环境和经济目前处于中级协调。     

Effects of cross-wise obstacle position on methane–air deflagration characteristics

A vented chamber, with internal dimensions of 150 mm × 150 mm × 500 mm, is constructed in which the premixed methane–air deflagration flame, propagating away from the ignition source, interacts with obstacles along its path. Three obstacle configurations with different cross-wise positions are investigated. The cross-wise obstacle positions are found to have significant effects on deflagration characteristics, such as flame structure, flame front location, flame speed, and overpressure transients. The rate of flame acceleration, as the flame passes over the last obstacle, is the highest at the configuration with three centrally located obstacles, whereas the lowest is observed at the configuration with three obstacles mounted on one side of the chamber. Compared with the side configuration, the magnitude of overpressure generated increases by approximately 80% and 165% for the central and staggered configurations, respectively. Furthermore, flame propagation speeds and generated overpressures for both the central and staggered configurations are greater, which should to be avoided to reduce the risk associated with turbulent premixed deflagrations in practical processes.     

Resource and Environmental Issues in Transitional China: A Perspective from the Interaction Among Market,Government and Society

Abstract

Along with the rapid growth of economy in the postreform period after 1979, China has faced severe problems of resource overusing and environmental degradation which would threaten the sustainable development of economy and society. This article explores an effective mechanism of managing resource and environment in China. It examines some major resource and environmental issues, and constructs a framework of institution innovation to cover three sectors (government, market and society). In addition, the article analyzes their experience and evaluation in resource management and environmental conservation during the transitional period. We argue that the combination of market regulation, government intervention and public participation is an effective way of allocating resource and protecting environment. Some suggestions are put forward to balance the relationship between them, including coordinating role of government and market, building platform for market operation and creating an atmosphere of public participation.     

Effects of culture conditions on ligninolytic enzymes and protease production by Phanerochaete chrysosporium in air

The production of ligninolytic enzymes and protease by Phanerochaete chrysosporium was investigated under different culture conditions. Different amounts of medium were employed in free and immobilized culture, together with two kinds of medium with different C/N ratios. Little lignin peroxidase （LIP） （〈 2 U/L） was detected in free culture with nitrogen-limited medium （C/N ratio： 56/2.2, in mmol/L）, while manganese peroxidase （MnP） maximum activity was 231 and 240 U/L in 50 and 100 ml medium culture, respectively. Immobilized culture with 50 ml nitrogen-limited medium gave the highest MnP and LiP production with the maximum values of 410 and 721 U/L separately on the day 5; however, flasks containing 100 ml nitrogen-limited medium only produced less MnP with a peak value of 290 U/L. Comparatively, carbon-limited medium （C/N ratio： 28/44, in mmol/L） was adopted in culture but produced little MnP and LiE Medium type had the greatest impact on protease production. Large amount of protease was produced due to glucose limitation. Culture type and medium volume influence protease activity corporately by affecting oxygen supply. The results implied shallow immobilized culture was a possible way to gain high production of ligninolytic enzymes.     

废弃线路板有价金属回收的物理处理工艺

线路板是绝大多数电子产品达到电路互连的不可缺少的主要组成部件,其中蕴合许多有价金属,如铜、铁、铝、锡、铅、金、银等,其回收方法以物理法为主。介绍了目前占主导地位的几种物理法回收技术及工艺流程,并且提出自己的湿法处理工艺。     

预氧化浸水煤体表面结构变化及复燃特性*

为研究预氧化长期浸水煤体孔隙结构变化及贫氧复燃特性,以长焰煤原煤（RC）、浸水煤(S200)、预氧化200浸水煤(O200I200)、预氧化300浸水(O300I200)煤为研究对象,采用N2吸附、电镜扫描、热重实验手段,在21%,15%,10%,5%氧浓度下进行实验分析。结果表明:浸水后煤样比表面积增大,低温氧化最大质量变化率（DTG）较高,促进低温氧化过程煤氧复合反应;预氧化浸水煤样平均孔径增加,初始放热温度较小,总放热量增加,其中O200I200煤样热参数相对较大。随氧浓度增加,各煤样着火点温度减小,活化能增加,O200I200煤样的这2个参数较小;随氧浓度降低,煤样初始放热温度增加,最大放热量与总放热量减小。O200I200煤体孔隙较发达,锁水能力较强,持续升温后氧化能力较强,更易复燃。     

茂名近岸海域中、小型浮游动物群落特征及其与环境因子的关系

近年来,随着茂名经济迅猛发展及涉海工程建设,其近海海域遭到日益严重的污染,海域环境日趋恶化。为更好地了解茂名近岸海域中小型浮游动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系,摸清中小型浮游动物的种类组成及其空间分布状况,保护近岸海域生物多样性,分别于2019年夏季(6月)和秋季(9月)对茂名近海浮游动物进行调查。调查共发现浮游动物52种,以桡足类为主(达到40种,占比76.92%)。秋季浮游动物平均丰度和平均生物量(分别为29.82 ind·m^-3和282.08 mg·m^-3)均高于夏季(分别为15.71×10³ ind·m^-3和110.23 mg·m^-3)。短角长腹剑水蚤(Oithona brevicornis)、小长腹剑水蚤(Oithona nana)、强额拟哲水蚤(Paracalanus crassirostris)和小拟哲水蚤(Paracalanus parvus)为茂名近岸海域春、夏季优势种。夏季和秋季浮游植物物种多样性指数平均值分别为3.06和2.69,丰富度指数平均值分别为3.65和3.38,均匀度指数平均值分别为0.71和0.66。运用BIO-ENV方法分析了浮游动物群落结构以及与浮游植物丰度、环境因子之间的关系,结果表明浮游植物丰度、溶解氧、盐度、水温、水深是影响夏季浮游动物群落的主要环境因子,水深、浮游植物丰度是影响秋季浮游动物群落的主要环境因子。     

微塑料的提取分离方法研究进展

微塑料作为海洋环境和陆生生态系统中的新型污染物,引起了广泛关注.然而目前微塑料的分析方法尚未标准化,不同研究结果间可比性较低.如何准确、高效地提取分离样品中的微塑料,是探究微塑料的环境行为及生态毒理学效应的关键前提.本文系统地综述了环境样品和水生生物样品中微塑料的前处理分析方法,包括筛分过滤法、密度分离法、消解法以及文...     

节水型建筑评价指标体系初探——以深圳居住建筑为例

面对水资源管理和利用危机,本文提出节水型建筑理论内涵和评价指标体系,以及指标权重的确定方法。它对于推动节水型建筑的应用和推广,大力推进节水型城市建设,推进循环经济建设有着积极的理论意义和现实意义。     

中小型露天矿山爆破飞石最远飞散距离预测研究

爆破飞石事故给中小型露天矿山安全生产带来了极大的困扰,对周边人、机、环境系统带来严重的破坏.将线性回归分析引入爆破飞石最远飞散距离研究中,以矿山炸药单耗、最小抵抗线和边坡高度为主要因素,建立正交试验,模拟不同组合条件下爆破飞石最远飞散距离,最后进行回归分析,得出爆破飞石最远飞散距离的预测公式,提高预测精度,为日后中小型...