常见烯烃爆炸特性的研究

为减少烯烃类爆炸事故带来的严重危害,采用国际通用的20L球型爆炸测试装置测试了常温初始压力为0.1 MPa条件下,4种常见烯烃的爆炸特性参数.结果表明,随着烯烃含量的增加各项爆炸特性参数均呈现出先增大后减小的特征,最大爆炸压力和爆炸指数均在化学计量比附近获得,4种烯烃最大爆炸压力分别为乙烯1.5 MPa、丙烯1.3 MPa、正丁烯1.5 MPa、异丁烯1.6 MPa,爆炸指数分别为16.56 (MPa·m)/s、7.37(MPa·m)/s、16.98 (MPa·m)/s、29.07(MPa· m)/s.     

A Bayesian approach to construct bow tie diagrams for risk evaluation

Bow tie diagrams have become a popular method for risk analysis and safety management. This tool describes the whole scenario of a given risk graphically, and proposes preventive and protective barriers to reduce, respectively, its occurrence and its severity. The weakness of bow tie diagrams is that they are restricted to a graphical representation of different scenarios exclusively designed by experts that ignore the dynamic aspect of real systems. Thus, constructing bow tie diagrams in an automatic and dynamic way remains a real challenge. This paper proposes a new Bayesian approach to construct bow tie diagrams from real data and improve them by adding a new numerical that enables us to implement the appropriate preventive and protective barriers in a dynamic manner.     

MPP协同MF@ADP阻燃低密度聚乙烯性能研究*

为提高低密度聚乙烯（LDPE）阻燃性能和阻燃LDPE复合材料的力学性能与抑烟性能,采用原位聚合法制备三聚氰胺-甲醛（MF）树脂包覆二乙基次磷酸铝（ADP）的MF@ADP微胶囊,再引入三聚氰胺聚磷酸（MPP）与MF@ADP进行协效复配,熔融共混制备阻燃LDPE复合材料。通过氧指数、热重分析、力学测试和烟密度测试等研究复合材料的阻燃、力学和抑烟性能。研究结果表明:MF@ADP微胶囊能改善阻燃剂与复合材料之间的相容性,与MPP复配构成的磷-氮膨胀阻燃体系能有效提高LDPE的抑烟性能;当MF@ADP∶MPP的质量比为2∶1时,材料的LOI达到了30.6%,垂直燃烧测试达到UL-94 V0级,拉伸强度为11.8 MPa,且形成的P/N/O高聚物炭层稳定性更高,可减少LDPE燃烧释放的烟雾量。     

A fast and accurate method for specific detection and quantification of the bloom-forming microalgae Karlodinium veneficum in the marine environment

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Karlodinium veneficum is a toxic benthic globally distributed dinoflagellate which has direct impacts on human health and the environment. Early and...     

Bioavailability and tissue distribution of Dechloranes in wild frogs (Rana limnocharis) from an e-waste recycling area in Southeast China

Dechlorane Plus(DP), a flame retardant used as an alternative to decabromodiphenylether, has been frequently detected in organisms, indicating its bioaccumulation and biomagnification potential in aquatic and terrestrial species. However, little data is available on the bioaccumulation of DP in amphibians. Dechlorane Plus and its analogs(DPs) were detected in the liver, muscle and brain tissues of wild frogs(Rana limnocharis), which were collected from an e-waste recycling site, Southeast China. DP, Mirex, Dec 602 and a dechlorinated compound of DP(anti-Cl11-DP) varied in the range of 2.01–291, 0.650–179, 0.260–12.4, and not detected(nd)–8.67 ng/g lipid weight, respectively. No difference of tissue distribution was found for syn-DP, Mirex and Dec 602 between the liver and muscle tissue(liver/muscle concentration ratio close to 1, p 0.05). However, higher retention was observed for anti-DP and anti-Cl11-DP in the frog muscle relative to the liver tissue(liver/muscle concentration ratio 1, p 0.05). Additionally, the blood-brain barrier was found to work efficiently to suppress these compounds entering brain tissues in this species(liver/brain concentration ratio 1, p 0.05), and the molecular weight was a key factor impacting the extent of the blood-brain barrier. Compared to levels in the muscle and brain tissue, a preferential enrichment of syn-DP was observed in the liver tissue, suggesting the occurrence of stereo-selective bioaccumulation in the wild frog.     

Rapid detection of multiple class pharmaceuticals in both municipal wastewater and sludge with ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

This work described the development, optimization and validation of an analytical method for rapid detection of multiple-class pharmaceuticals in both municipal wastewater and sludge samples based on ultrasonic solvent extraction, solid-phase extraction, and ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry quantification. The results indicated that the developed method could effectively extract all the target pharmaceuticals （25） in a single process and analyze them within 24 min. The recoveries of the target pharmaceuticals were in the range of 69%-131% for wastewater and 54%-130% for sludge at different spiked concentration levels. The method quantification limits in wastewater and sludge ranged from 0.02 to 0.73 ng/L and from 0.02 to 1.00μg/kg, respectively. Subsequently, this method was validated and applied for residual pharma- ceutical analysis in a wastewater treatment plant located in Beijing, China. All the target pharmaceuticals were detected in the influent samples with concentrations varying from 0.09 ng/L （tiamulin） to 15.24 μg/L （caffeine）; meanwhile, up to 23 pharmaceuticals were detected in sludge samples with concentrations varying from 60 ng/kg （sulfamethizole） to 8.55 mg/kg （ofloxacin）. The developed method demonstrated its selectivity, sensitivity, and reliability for detecting multiple-class pharmaceuticals in complex matrices such as municipal wastewater and sludge.     

硫酸羟胺的热分解动力学研究

通过差示扫描量热(DSC)法研究了硫酸羟胺(HAS)的热稳定性能及其在不同温升速率(4℃/min、7℃/min、10℃/min)下的热分解动力学;由同步热分析仪(STA)测试得到的DSC热流数据,运用AKTS高级热动力学分析软件计算得到硫酸羟胺的活化能、指前因子和反应焓等热动力学参数.结果表明:硫酸羟胺在空气气氛中发生自分解放热反应,反应热为118.8±2.1kJ/mol;根据Ozawa法得到的活化能为82.45kJ/mol,并由Friedman法得到了不同转化率下的活化能E及指前因子A的关系,计算得到的反应热为116.2±1.lkJ/mol.最后,结合硫酸羟胺的生产工艺条件,对硫酸羟胺的安全生产工艺进行了分析讨论.在储存、运输过程中,应防止因温度变化而引发硫酸羟胺的自分解放热爆炸事故,实验研究结果对实际的工业生产过程具有一定的参考意义和指导价值.     

硝基苯精馏再沸器安全分析与评估

为了明确硝基苯精馏再沸器装置爆炸事故发生的原因,有针对性的采取预防措施,综合运用英国帝国化学工业公司的IC I蒙德评价法和事故树分析（FTA）法对精馏再沸器进行安全分析研究,确定了该装置生产过程中的物料物质系数,计算相关的物质危险性、工艺危险性和毒性指数,经过安全措施补偿系数修正后,得出了硝基苯精馏再沸器总危险性系数和危险等级;定性地分析了各危险因素的大小;定量地得出装置的危险程度,并提出了安全措施。结果表明,该装置的危险等级属中等,高温下漏入空气、阀门失效和法兰密封不严是导致该事故的3个最主要的原因,因此,应从以上几方面采取措施,加强安全生产管理。控制精馏再沸器的加热温度,防止局部积累热量,从而降低危险等级,确保安全生产。