环境公益诉讼的立法构想

环境公益诉讼．特别是环保公益团体提起的公益诉讼．无论在普通法系国家还是在大陆法系国家．都是遏制环境违法行为和救济环境公益的重要和经常使用的法律手段。作为一种环境司法救济．它可以有力地弥补环境行政执法手段之不足．有效地制止环境侵害行为．从而有利于促进环境保护促进社会公平，值得大力推动。本文探讨了环境公益诉讼的基本内容和立法构想．     

基于区域特征分区的福建省砖混房屋易损性研究

以福建省砖混房屋为研究对象,研究了福建省房屋的区域特点,并定性的对其进行了建筑区域特征分区。然后,结合具有普适性特点的汶川地震区砖混房屋的易损性矩阵的处理结果,探讨了福建省砖混房屋具有区域特征分区特点的易损性分析方法,给出了福建省各地区砖混房屋的易损性矩阵。此方法的提出,对于福建省各个不同地区的城市防灾减灾规划、建筑物的抗震加固改造及有效减轻地震经济损失和人员伤亡等都有重要意义。     

超声光催化降解苯胺及其衍生物研究

以苯胺及其衍生物为研究对象，探讨了不同有机化合物结构对超声光催化降解的影响，进一步开拓了基于超声波与TiO2光催化联合催化降解有机废水的新型深度氧化处理新技术．超声光催化技术．实验结果表明，尽管超声光催化反应对苯胺及其衍生物的降解协同效应并不是很显著，但是超声光催化反应对苯胺及其衍生物却具有较好的降解率，而且不同有机化合物结构对超声光催化反应有着较大的影响。     

江苏农居建筑结构特征及抗震性能分析

开展了江苏农居建筑现场抽样调查及结构特征分析,总结了江苏1970年以来中强有感地震中典型建筑震害特征,并针对江苏现今农居典型结构开展了抗震性能及震害预测分析。结果表明:①江苏农居建筑结构类型以未设防砖混和砖木结构为主,以多层砌体和单层民宅居多。②位于6度区范围,土木结构建筑整体表现为中等—严重破坏,砖木结构建筑整体轻微—中等破坏,砖混结构整体基本完好;位于7度区范围,土木结构建筑整体严重破坏,砖木结构建筑整体中等—严重破坏,砖混结构轻微—中等破坏;位于8~9度区范围,土木和砖木结构建筑整体严重破坏—毁坏,砖混结构建筑整体中等—严重破坏,框架结构建筑整体基本完好或轻微破坏;位于10度区范围,框架结构建筑整体将中等破坏—严重破坏,其他结构建筑整体严重破坏甚至毁坏。③农居自建房时减少楼层层数、增加基本抗震设防措施,能有效减小建筑物整体震害指数。此外,建设和推广具有抗震设防措施的集中住宅区,能有效提高农居建筑整体抗震性能。     

Setting conservation management thresholds using a novel participatory modeling approach

We devised a participatory modeling approach for setting management thresholds that show when management intervention is required to address undesirable ecosystem changes. This approach was designed to be used when management thresholds: must be set for environmental indicators in the face of multiple competing objectives; need to incorporate scientific understanding and value judgments; and will be set by participants with limited modeling experience. We applied our approach to a case study where management thresholds were set for a mat‐forming brown alga, Hormosira banksii, in a protected area management context. Participants, including management staff and scientists, were involved in a workshop to test the approach, and set management thresholds to address the threat of trampling by visitors to an intertidal rocky reef. The approach involved trading off the environmental objective, to maintain the condition of intertidal reef communities, with social and economic objectives to ensure management intervention was cost‐effective. Ecological scenarios, developed using scenario planning, were a key feature that provided the foundation for where to set management thresholds. The scenarios developed represented declines in percent cover of H. banksii that may occur under increased threatening processes. Participants defined 4 discrete management alternatives to address the threat of trampling and estimated the effect of these alternatives on the objectives under each ecological scenario. A weighted additive model was used to aggregate participants’ consequence estimates. Model outputs (decision scores) clearly expressed uncertainty, which can be considered by decision makers and used to inform where to set management thresholds. This approach encourages a proactive form of conservation, where management thresholds and associated actions are defined a priori for ecological indicators, rather than reacting to unexpected ecosystem changes in the future.     

喷消石灰脱除垃圾焚烧炉尾气中HC1和SO2的试验研究

在日处理200t进口流化床垃圾焚烧炉上，进行烟气喷水降温加上喷消石灰粉末胶除尾气中的酸性气体HC1和SO2的试验研究，HC1和SO2浓度由布袋除尘器出口的在线气体分析仪测得，结果表明HC1和SO2的去除率在Ca/C1摩尔比等于9时分别在80%和20%，说明该法消石灰利用率较低，宜改为半干法脱除HC1和SO2酸性气体以便降低吸收剂用量，提高运行的经济性。     

采用循环流化床技术焚烧城市生活垃圾

根据目前我国城市生活垃圾热值偏低的实际情况 ,提出以煤为辅助燃料 ,采用循环流化床焚烧技术处理生活垃圾 ,可大幅度降低运行成本 ,符合国情。阐述了循环流化床焚烧技术在降低NOx、SO2 和二噁等方面的优越性。尾气处理建议采用喷活性碳 +布袋除尘组合工艺 ,飞灰处理建议采用高温熔融处理     

Some Remarks About the Effect of Smoke from Charcoal Kilns on Soil Degradation

The charcoal kilns under study were situated in the Polish Western Carpathiens (Bieszczady). Aromatic hydrocarbon products of wood burning in the kilns were identified. The rate of decomposition of beech leaves was relatively high as environmental conditions enhanced decomposition. The intensity of soil metabolism is increasing during a long-term exposure to smoke, which is one of the indicators of anthropogenic disturbance resulting from organic factors.     

A GIS-based approach for the long-term prediction of human health risks at contaminated sites

A Health Index/Risk Evaluation Tool (HIRET) has been developed for the integration of risk assessment and spatial planning using GIS capabilities. The method is meant to assist decision makers and site owners in the evaluation of potential human health risk with respect to land use. Human health risk defined as the potential adverse effects on human life or health is generally accepted as the most important aspect for site assessment and planning of remediation strategies. It concerns polluted sites that endanger human health on one hand and derelict land that does not cause the immediate risk on the other hand. In current state-of-the-art risk-assessment, long-term spatial and temporal changes of risks, in relation to changes in contamination patterns and land use functions, are not taken into account. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the methodology developed for human health risk assessment in aspect of spatial and temporal domain. HIRET was developed as an extension for ESRI software ArcView 3.2 and allows performing dynamic human health risk assessment in long-term period, which is relevant for land use planning. The paper illustrates how such methodology can assist in environmental decision-making to enhance the efficiency of contaminated land management. A case study of contaminated site is given showing how data can be used within a GIS framework to produce maps indicating areas of potential human health risk.     

Artificial placenta and womb technology: Past,current, and future challenges towards clinical translation

Extreme prematurity remains a major cause of neonatal mortality and severe long-term morbidity. Current neonatal care is associated with significant morbidity due to iatrogenic injury and developmental immaturity of extreme premature infants. A more physiologic approach, replacing placental function and providing a womb-like environment, is the foundational principle of artificial placenta (AP) and womb (AW) technology. The concept has been studied during the past 60 years with limited success. However, recent technological advancements and a greater emphasis on mimicking utero-placental physiology have improved the success of experimental models, bringing the technology closer to clinical translation. Here, we review the rationale for and history of AP and AW technology, discuss the challenges that needed to be overcome, and compare recent successful models. We conclude by outlining some remaining challenges to be addressed on the path towards clinical translation and opportunities for future research.