Ozone-enhanced catalytic oxidation of monochlorobenzene over iron oxide catalysts

In this study, we examined the experimental catalytic oxidation of gaseous monochlorobenzene (MCBz) with O₃ over Fe₂O₃ in a packed bed reactor to investigate the feasibility of economical low temperature decomposition at a high space velocity (SV). We investigated the effects of several reaction parameters (temperature, O₃ concentration, and SV) on the MCBz oxidation. At 150 °C, the conversion of MCBz over Fe₂O₃ in the absence of O₃ was only 3%; it increased to 91% over Fe₂O₃ in the presence of 1200 ppm of O₃ at a high SV of 83 s⁻¹. A long-term operation study revealed that the conversion of MCBz was stable for more than 96 h. In the steady state, the carbon and chlorine balances were 88% and 86%, respectively. Applying a Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic model, we estimated an activation energy of 16.7 kJ mol⁻¹ for MCBz oxidation over Fe₂O₃ in the presence of O₃.     

内电解技术处理有毒有害工业废水的应用进展

介绍了内电解技术的基本原理和特点,详细阐述了内电解技术处理印染、制药等多种有毒有害工业废水的应用进展,总结了内电解技术目前存在的主要问题和在工艺优化、新型材料和反应器形式开发三个方面的改进措施,展望了内电解技术未来的发展趋势和研究方向。     

环境公益诉讼在我国建立的可行性研究

随着工业文明的发展,环境污染成为了一个世界性问题。环境公益诉讼从制度层面上找寻出了解决环境案件的措施,在实践中已经得到了欧美等发达国家的验证,然而我国并没有建立环境公益诉讼制度。首先对环境公益诉讼制度进行了全面的概述,对其概念及特征进行了分析;其次介绍了国外有关环境公益诉讼的规定,以此来完善我国法律中有关环境公益诉讼的规定,弥补环境公益诉讼制度的缺失。     

Examining the temperature dependence of ethanol (E85) versus gasoline emissions on air pollution with a largely-explicit chemical mechanism

The increased use of ethanol in transportation fuels warrants an investigation of its consequences. An important component of such an investigation is the temperature dependence of ethanol and gasoline exhaust chemistry. We use the Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM, version 3.1, LEEDS University) with the SMVGEAR II chemical ordinary differential solver to provide the speed necessary to simulate complex chemistry to examine such effects. The MCM has over 13,500 organic reactions and 4600 species. SMVGEAR II is a sparse-matrix Gear solver that reduces the computation time significantly while maintaining any specified accuracy. Although we use a box model for this study, we determine and demonstrate in a separate study that the speed of the MCM with SMVGEAR II allows the MCM to be modeled in 3-dimensions. We also verified the accuracy of the model in comparison with smog chamber data. We then use the model with species-resolved tailpipe emissions data for E85 (15% gasoline, 85% ethanol fuel blend) and gasoline vehicles to compare the impact of each on nitrogen oxides, organic gases, and ozone as a function of ambient temperature and background concentrations, using Los Angeles in 2020 as a base case. We use two different emissions sets – one is a compilation of exhaust and evaporative data taken near 24 °C and the other from exhaust data taken at ?7 °C – to determine how atmospheric chemistry and emissions are affected by temperature. We include diurnal effects by examining two day scenarios. We find that, accounting for chemistry and dilution alone, the average ozone concentrations through the range of temperatures tested are higher with E85 than with gasoline by ～7 part per billion volume (ppbv) at higher temperatures (summer conditions) to ～39 ppbv at low temperatures and low sunlight (winter conditions) for an area with a high nitrogen oxide (NOx) to non-methane organic gas (NMOG) ratio. The results suggest that E85's effect on health through ozone formation becomes increasingly more significant relative to gasoline at colder temperatures due to the change in exhaust emission composition at lower temperatures. Acetaldehyde and formaldehyde concentrations are also much higher with E85 at cold temperatures, which is a concern because both are considered to be carcinogens. These could have implications for wintertime use of E85. Peroxy acetyl nitrate (PAN), another air pollutant of concern, increases with E85 by 0.3–8 ppbv. The sensitivity of the results to box size, initial background concentrations, background emissions, and water vapor were also examined.     

灭菌预处理污泥及其滤液产氢发酵的比较研究

剩余污泥中的固态物质包含大量的蛋白质和多聚糖等有机质,一直被认为是一种具有潜力的生物制氢原料。灭菌预处理的剩余污泥会释放出大量的有机质,真空抽滤后去除掉污泥中固态物质得到滤液。将预处理污泥与滤液分别作为底物,接种产氢菌Pseudomonas sp. GZ1后产氢发酵。测定2种不同底物发酵反应过程中氢气的产量,以及底物的变化（SCOD、可溶性蛋白质、总糖、pH值）。实验结果表明,利用预处理后的污泥滤液作为底物能够有效提高氢气产量。滤液发酵的产氢量达到了4.44 mg H₂/g COD,比预处理污泥直接发酵提高了近3.3倍。本实验证明污泥中的固态物质在发酵过程中能释放出更多的营养物质,但实际上并不能被产氢菌有效地利用产生更多的氢气,并对其原因进行了探讨。     

活性炭/聚丙烯腈纤维对溶液中的甲基橙染料吸附动力学研究

采用自制添加活性炭的聚丙烯腈纤维为吸附剂,吸附染料甲基橙溶液,考察了活性炭含量、温度及溶液pH值等因素对纤维吸附染料甲基橙吸附量和吸附速率的影响.结果表明,活性炭/聚丙烯腈纤维吸附甲基橙染料符合表观二级动力学方程.吸附过程的限速步骤为甲基橙染料向活性炭/聚丙烯腈纤维中活性炭颗粒内部微孔扩散,自制的活性炭/聚丙烯腈纤维对甲基橙染料具有较大的吸附容量和较快的吸附速率,可作为甲基橙等染料废水治理的理想材料.     

Nitrogen loss through lateral seepage in near-trench paddy fields

A near-trench paddy field experiment with five urea application rates (0-360 kg N ha(-1) in 90-kg increments) was conducted on a paddy soil in the Taihu Lake Region of China to elucidate N losses through lateral seepage during three rice (Oryza sativa L.) growing seasons. The total N (Nt), NH4(+) -N, and NO3(-) -N concentrations in the lateral seepage water increased with increasing N rates. The seasonal Nt fluxes by lateral seepage varied from 6.8 to 25.6 kg N ha(-1) for urea application rates of 90 to 360 kg N ha(-1). Lateral seepage accounted for 4.7 to 6.6% of the Nt applied, implying that lateral seepage was an important pathway of N loss from near-trench paddy fields. The cumulative N loss via lateral seepage was significantly related to N fertilization rate (P = 0.05). Floodwater level was also identified as a main factor affecting N losses via lateral seepage from paddy fields, as indicated by a positive linear relationship (R2 = 0.43) between floodwater level and daily lateral flow during the flooded period (P = 0.05). Under the conditions of these experiments, a shallow floodwater depth of 50 mm, urea application rates of 90 kg N ha(-1) or less, and no rainfall within 1 wk after N application reduced N losses by lateral seepage from paddy fields.     

Adsorption of Pb and Cd on the natural surface coatings (NSCs) in the presence of organochlorine pesticides: a preliminary investigation

Adsorption of Pb and Cd in the presence and absence of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) on natural surface coatings (NSCs), which were collected in the Nanhu Lake in Changchun, China, was measured in order to investigate the effect of the OCPs on the adsorption of heavy metals on the NSCs. Adsorption of Pb/Cd was carried out under controlled laboratory conditions (mineral salt solution with defined species, ionic strength 0.05 mol/l, 25 degrees C and pH 6.0) with initial Pb and Cd concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 2.5 mol/l. The classical Langmuir adsorption isotherm was applied to estimate the equilibrium coefficients of the adsorption of Pb and Cd on the NSCs. Adsorption interference between Pb/Cd and the OCPs on the NSCs indicated that the adsorption of Pb/Cd on the NSCs was influenced by the OCPs, and competitive adsorption between Pb and the OCPs was observed while adsorption of Cd was enhanced by addition of the OCPs. Adsorption data fit the Langmuir isotherm well for the NSCs treated with the OCPs at different equilibrium concentrations. The results showed that the amount of adsorbed Pb decreased by more than 40% while the amount of adsorbed Cd increased by over 60% with an increase in the initial concentrations of the OCPs ranging from 0 to 5.0 microg/l and that adsorption of Pb/Cd on the NSCs was strongly affected by the OCPs. This preliminary study highlights the importance of the OCPs on the NSCs in controlling the transport, fate, biogeochemistry, bioavailability and toxicity of trace metals in aquatic environments.     

巧用Premiere Pro 2.0 制作艺术倒计时片头

Premiere Pro 2.0 是用于编辑影视作品的专业软件,可以编辑和制作电影、DV、栏目包装、字幕、网络视频、电子相册等.本文介绍了其自带的制作倒计时片头效果模板的使用方法,提出了利用Premiere Pro 2.0视频转场特效结合专业制图软件制作艺术倒计时效果的具体方法.     

论大学生职业生涯教育的现状及其对策

目前,高校对开展大学生职业生涯教育的重要性尚未有足够认识,职业生涯教育和辅导的保障机制也还不够完善,高校课程、专业设置等还不能为职业生涯教育提供有效支持。因此,要不断建立、完善职业生涯教育和辅导体系,推动高校招生教育体制改革,完善大学生职业生涯教育配套机制,以提高高校人才培养质量,促进大学生就业质量和水平,推动高校健康发展。