广州生态旅游景观格局建设问题的探讨

通过对生态旅游理论的探讨,对其内涵和外延提出了新的观点。重点对广州风景结构与生态旅游发展背景及存在问题进行了分析,科学地构建了“一山一水六区七廊”的广州生态旅游景观格局,为广州建设生态型山水旅游城市提供依据。加强广州市生态旅游建设,将进一步改善广州的生态环境,优化广州城市景观格局,创造更好的旅游大环境,满足人们日益增长的旅游需求和回归大自然的愿望。     

Distribution and Risk Assessment of Fluoride in Drinking Water in the West Plain Region of Jilin Province, China

The west plain region of Jilin province of northeast China is one of the typical endemic fluorosis areas caused by drinking water for many years. Investigations of hydrogeological and ecoenvironmental conditions as well as endemic fluorosis were conducted in 1998. Results show that the ground water, especially, the water in the unconfined aquifer is the main source of drinking water for local residents. The fluoride concentration in groundwater in the unconfined aquifers is higher than that in the confined aquifer in the west plain of Jilin province. The fluoride concentration in the unconfined aquifer can be used to classify the plain into fluoride deficient area, optimum area and excess area, which trend from west to east. High fluoride (>1.0 mg L(-1)) in drinking water resulted in dental and skeletal fluorosis in local residents (children and pregnant women). There exists a positive correlation between fluoride concentration in the drinking water and the morbidities of endemic fluorosis disease (r1 = 0.781, r2 = 0.872). Health risks associated with fluoride concentration in drinking water are assessed. It has been determined that fluoride concentration in excess of 1.0 mg L(-1) exposes residents to high health risks based on risk identification. The study area is classified into five health risk classes as shown in Figure 4. The risk indexes of this area more than 1.0 are accounted for 68% of the total west plain region.     

利用垃圾堆肥改良水稻土I:对水稻土物理化学性状的影响

根据上海市农业产业结构调整过程中对土质的要求，本文从资源化利用上海市城市生活垃圾的角度出发，将自然堆置多年的垃圾堆肥应用于土壤改良．由于垃圾堆肥质地粗松，含有较高的营养成分，同时考虑到水稻土对垃圾堆肥的承纳量，本实验设计了0、7．5、15、22．5kgm^-2 4个垃圾堆肥施用剂量，经过一个完整的生长季节后采集土壤样品进行理化分析．结果表明，相较对照小区(0kg m^-2)，施用垃圾堆肥可以有效地改良水稻土的物理化学性状：有机质、全N、全P、碱解N和速效P的含量分别提高5％—240％，土壤中细砂含量升高，粘粒含量下降．而且这种改良的效果随着垃圾堆肥施用量的增加而增加．在不同耕作深度上，以0-10cm土层的效果最佳，10—20cm次之，20—40cm最低．本实验结果表明，垃圾堆肥不仅是上海市水田旱作土壤的有效改良添加剂，而且是解决城市生活垃圾出路的一条有效途径．表2参7     

人为干扰对川西亚高山针叶林土壤物理性质的影响

研究了川西亚高山针叶人工林在几种不同强度人为干扰下林地土壤物理性质。结果表明，随人为干扰强度的增加，土壤中细土（粉粒、粘粒）和大团聚体数量减少，小团聚体和原生土壤颗粒增加；土壤表层孔隙度减小，尤其是大孔隙明显减少；土壤有效水降低，持水供水能力减弱，渗透系数减小。川西亚高山人工针叶林土壤生态功能随人为干扰强度的增加而减弱，建议在最易受人为干扰的造林地区，最好是在造林初期封山育林。图1表5参13     

当前环境激素的研究状况

着重介绍了环境激素的种类、作用机制、对生物的及人体健康的潜在危害、筛选环境激素类物质的方法及今后的研究展望。     

离子色谱法测定二甲基甲酰胺废液中五种金属的含量

用离子色谱法测定二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)废液中钠、钾、钙、镁的质量分数,结果分别为4.636%,0.849%,2.083%和1.54%,未检测出铁.灰化温度是影响测量准确性的关键因素.     

宁南霉素诱导烟草酸性病程相关蛋白的研究

研究了宁南霉素对烟草酸性病程相关蛋白的诱导表达．结果表明，宁南霉素可系统性地诱导烟草叶片中酸性病程相关蛋白的高效表达．与水杨酸相比，宁南霉素诱导酸性病程相关蛋白的表达水平较高，持续时问较长．此外，在同一品种不同形态叶片烟草植株中，宁南霉素对植物酸性病程相关蛋白的诱导存在差异．图6表3参20     

腐殖酸对土壤挥发汞植物有效性的影响研究

土壤挥发汞对植物是非常有效的,并能通过食物链威胁人体健康,因此,本试验设计了“密闭箱的水培试验”定量研究了腐殖酸及其组份对土壤挥发汞生物活性的影响,结果发现：腐殖酸能有效地抑制土壤汞的挥发,降低植株对土壤挥发汞的吸收,其作用机理在于土壤挥发汞的形态转化,通过对转化条件的调节,可以达到控制土壤挥发汞向食物的链转移的目的。     

赤潮防治剂对中国对虾的毒性研究

为研究赤潮防治剂对中国对虾的影响,进行了粘土、Ｃａ（ＣＩＯ）２、ＡＩＣＩ３、ＦｅＣＩ３对中国对虾的毒性实验。结果表明：（１）粘土对对虾基本无毒性;（２）Ｃａ（ＣＩＯ）２在低浓度下对对虾无毒,在高浓度下对对虾有急性和慢性毒性;（３）ＡＩＣＩ３和ＦｅＣＩ３在对虾体内有一定的积累,但其毒性效应有待于进一步分析。     

Capacity estimation and preliminary strategy for reducing the release of dioxins in China

As a party of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, China must submit its national implementation plan (NIP) for this convention. The strategy and action plan for reducing the release of dioxins in China are the most important components of the NIP. Three problems are key points for developing such strategy and action plan—what are the key sources for applying the best available technology/best environmental practice (BAT/BEP) to reduce the release of dioxins? How about the capacity for reducing the dioxins release from the key sources? Where are the areas of priority for applying BAT/BEP? This paper shows the efforts towards the solution of these problems. The list of key sources covering about half of the total dioxins release was determined considering four criteria. The capacity of key sources were estimated based on the difference between the emission factor corresponding to the actual situation in 2004 and that corresponding to the scenario that all key sources have been applied BAT/BEP to reduce the dioxins release. The priority analysis using the geographical information system (GIS) tool has revealed that castern provinces should be of high priority in the future reduction activities of dioxins release in China.