土地质量地球化学评估方法研究——以慈溪市为例

以地球化学方法对慈溪市土地质量进行评估,通过层次分析法、因子分析法和专家经验法三种评估方法的对比研究,认为层次分析法、因子分析法比较适合一般土地质量评估,而专家经验法更适合污染土地质量地球化学评估。本文探索了适合土地质量评估的优选方案,为土地质量生态管理和土地合理规划、利用提供依据。     

浅埋近距离煤层内错布置采空区自燃危险区域研究

浅埋近距离煤层内错布置开采下部煤层时,地表裂隙易与复合采空区相互贯通,造成地表漏风,使采空区,特别是上部老采空自燃危险区域的分布难以预测。针对此问题,以酸刺沟煤矿6上109工作面至地表空间为研究对象,在漏风测定及束管监测的基础上,建立地表与复合采空区漏风模型,借助FLUENT数值模拟软件,研究地表漏风对复合采空区自燃危险区域的影响。研究表明,地表漏风最终汇入下部采空区回风侧,加大了其自燃危险区域范围;漏风流在向回风侧偏移的过程中,由于煤柱的阻挡,风速逐渐降低,与下部漏入的风流共同作用,使上部老采空区形成了氧浓度中间低四周高的不规则环状自燃危险区域;下部采空区进风侧向上的漏风增加了本煤层采空区的总漏风量,加大了其自燃危险区域宽度,同时增加了上部老采空区局部氧浓度,使其自燃危险性增大。     

工业燃煤锅炉操作仿真培训模拟机设计

司炉工操作技能的仿真培训对于工业锅炉的安全生产和经济运行至关重要。在明确燃煤锅炉安全与节能操作仿真培训内容的基础上分析了模拟机系统所需具备的软硬件条件,提出了由锅炉实体物理模型、操作控制台、传感检测控制器、仿真微机组成的燃煤锅炉安全与节能操作仿真培训模拟机的整体方案及实现原理,并以4t/h链条炉排燃煤锅炉为原型,设计了具有超高仿真度的带有剖析结构的缩小比例锅炉实体物理模型,以及基于PLC的传感检测电控系统,实现了燃煤锅炉安全与节能操作的仿真培训及考核。     

循环流化床电站排放烟尘特性及痕量重金属分析

对35t h循环流化床电厂电除尘器入口和出口的烟气气溶胶进行分级取样,得到飞灰浓度和粒度分布以及电除尘器的分级脱除效率.电除尘器对PM10、PM2 5的脱除效率分别为94 34%和91 38%,使部分可吸入烟尘颗粒穿透除尘设备而直接排放到大气环境中.同时对不同粒度飞灰中重金属含量进行了测试,得到痕量元素浓度从高到低依次为Ni,Cr,Cu,Cd,Pb,Hg.痕量重金属含量与飞灰粒径有一定依附关系,其分布规律与煤成分、锅炉燃烧方式和痕量元素自身的挥发特性等因素有关.     

非热平衡等离子体协同催化脱除挥发性有机化合物的研究进展

单纯运用非热平衡等离子体(NTP)技术脱除挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)的效率和能量利用率并不高,而且在降解过程中可能会产生某些有害副产物。为了克服NTP技术在VOCs治理方面的缺陷,可将NTP和化学催化方法组合运用,结合两者的优势使系统的VOCs脱除率、能量利用率和CO2选择率显著提高。从催化反应器结构、NTP与催化剂协同作用的原理等方面总结了近年来NTP协同催化技术在VOCs脱除方面的应用状况。最后指出,NTP协同催化技术在VOCs脱除方面有良好的应用前景,但要真正实现其工程应用,仍有很多问题亟待研究和解决。     

Effects of inorganic chlorine source on dioxin formation using fly ash from a fluidized bed incinerator

Chlorine source is indispensable for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and furan (PCDD/F) formation during municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration. Inorganic chlorine compounds were employed in this study to investigate their effects on PCDD/F formation through heterogeneous synthesis on fly ash surfaces. A fly ash sample obtained from a fluidized bed incinerator was sieved to different size fractions which served as the PCDD/F formation sources. The capability of different metal chlorides which facilitate the formation of PCDDs/Fs was found to follow the trends: Na ＜ Mg ＜ K ＜ Al ＜ Ca, when two particle fractions of ＞177 μm and 104-125 μm were used in the experiments. However, the capability of NaCl, MgCl2 and KCl did not seem much different from each other, whereas CaCl2 and AlCl3 were much more active in PCDD/F formation. NaCl and MgCl2 were relatively effective to produce more PCDDs, while KCl, AlCl3 and CaCl2 generated more PCDFs during heterogeneous reactions occurring on fly ash. 2,3,7,8-TCDF was the most significant contributor to the toxicity of the PCDDs/Fs formed from inorganic chlorine sources. Decreasing the sizes of fly ash particles led to more active formation of PCDDs/Fs when NaCl was used as inorganic chlorine in the experiment. The highest PCDDs/Fs produced from particles with size ＜37 μm, while the lowest PCDDs/Fs produced from particles with size ＞177 μm. The toxicity generally increased with decreasing size of the fly ash particles. The formation of PCDDs was mainly facilitated by the two size fractions, 104-125 μm and ＜37 μm, while formation of PCDFs was favored by the two other size fractions, ＞177 μm and 53-104 μm.     

Destruction of PCDD/Fs by gliding arc discharges

PCDD/Fs have been become a serious issue because of their toxicological effects and associated adverse health implications.In this study,the gliding arc plasma was tested for treatment of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins(PCDDs)and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs),which was synthesized from pentachiorophenol in atmospheric condition at 35℃with or without the catalysis of CuCl_2. From the experiment,we found that the destruction efficiency of PCDD/F homologues after gliding was discharge ranged from 25% to 79%.This result demonstrates that gliding arc plasma is an effective technology to decompose PCDDs/Fs in flue gas.A plausible degradation mechanism for PCDD/Fs by gliding arc was discussed.Finally,a multistage reactor structure of gliding arc was proposed to upgrade removal efficiency for PCDD/Fs.     

常村煤矿S6-8工作面岩层运动的连续-非连续方法模拟

为了细致地模拟煤矿开采中复杂的岩层运动现象,探讨开采速度的影响,采用自主开发的连续-非连续方法,通过引入应力跌落和准静力计算模式,以常村煤矿S6-8工作面为背景建立数值模型,模拟采动诱发采场上覆岩层的变形-开裂-运动过程。结果表明:本方法可较为细致地模拟煤矿开采中一系列复杂现象,例如,采场上覆岩层的弯曲变形、下沉、开裂、离层和层间错动、直接顶的周期垮落、工作面煤壁上方岩层近似平行展布的倾斜穿层裂缝、若干破断岩块形成的近似等腰梯形结构和采空区局部闭合;开采速度越快,直接顶初次垮距越大,这是由于采场上覆岩层向下运动不充分,直接顶垮落主要受自身和开采卸荷的影响。     

SO2对模拟燃煤烟气中汞形态分布影响的实验研究

采用OntarioHydro方法作为检测方法 ,在小型模拟燃煤烟气Hg形态转化实验台上研究了烟气中SO2 浓度、HCl浓度、O2 浓度变化对燃煤烟气中Hg形态分布的影响 .结果表明 :在CO2 O2 N2 的烟气体系中 ,加入SO2 后 ,Hg的转化率略有增加 ,随反应温度升高Hg的转化率逐渐降低 ,较高的O2 浓度可以促进Hg的氧化 .加入HCl后 ,随反应温度的升高Hg的转化率升高 ,SO2 的存在会降低Hg的转化率 ,HCl的浓度越大 ,转化率越大 ,较高的O2 浓度也可以促进Hg的氧化 .