纳米零价铁与黑曲霉发酵液联用对砷锑污染土壤的淋洗修复

土壤砷 (As) 、锑 (Sb) 污染对生态环境和人体健康有着潜在的风险,采用黑曲霉发酵液 (FB) 与纳米零价铁 (nZVI) 联用淋洗修复As、Sb污染土壤。通过振荡淋洗实验,探究nZVI强化FB淋洗去除As、Sb的效果及不同条件下对As、Sb淋洗效率的影响。结果表明,制备的FB对污染土壤中As和Sb有着较好的去除效果,去除率可达84.1%和71.8%;nZVI对FB去除As、Sb有强化作用,在nZVI质量浓度为0.1 g·L⁻¹、pH为1和淋洗时间为60 min的条件下,其淋洗效果最佳,对As、Sb淋洗效率可达96.6%和95.6%,修复后的土壤达到《土壤环境质量 建设用地土壤污染风险管控标准 (试行) 》 (GB 36600-2018) 二类用地标准。nZVI-FB对土壤中As、Sb的解吸动力学符合拟二级动力学方程。nZVI-FB能够有效的提取土壤中As、Sb的铁铝氧化物结合态。本研究结果可为As、Sb复合污染土壤的淋洗修复提供参考。     

Impact of air pollutants on hospital visits for pediatric asthma in Fuzhou city,southeast China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Rapid social development in China has resulted in severe air pollution and adverse impacts on people’s health. Although studies have been...     

Operational characteristics of effective removal of H2S and NH3 waste gases by activated carbon biofilter

Simultaneous removal of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and ammonia (NH3) gases from gaseous streams was studied in a biofilter packed with granule activated carbon. Extensive studies, including the effects of carbon (C) source on the growth of inoculated microorganisms and gas removal efficiency, product analysis, bioaerosol emission, pressure drop, and cost evaluation, were conducted. The results indicated that molasses was a potential C source for inoculated cell growth that resulted in removal efficiencies of 99.5% for H2S and 99.2% for NH3. Microbial community observation by scanning electron microscopy indicated that granule activated carbon was an excellent support for microorganism attachment for long-term waste gas treatment. No disintegration or breakdown of biofilm was found when the system was operated for 140 days. The low bioaerosol concentration emitted from the biofilter showed that the system effectively avoided the environmental risk of bioaerosol emission. Also, the system is suitable to apply in the field because of its low pressure drop and treatment cost. Because NH3 gas was mainly converted to organic nitrogen, and H2S gas was converted to elemental sulfur, no acidification or alkalinity phenomena were found because of the metabolite products. Thus, the results of this study demonstrate that the biofilter is a feasible bioreactor in the removal of waste gases.     

Ca/S比小于1条件下半干半湿法烟气脱硫技术的研究

通过对煤中灰分、粉煤灰中碱性物质成分、含量的分析 ,证明在Ca/S小于 1的条件下进行半干半湿法烟气脱硫是可行的。阐述了粉煤灰中碱性物质被有效利用的条件为高温、高湿和高压 ,该条件可以通过蒸汽输送粉煤灰来实现。     

有机固体废弃物热解生产脱水内醚糖的研究

以有机固体废弃物 (废棉絮、废纸 )为原料 ,在管式炉热解反应器热解生产脱水内醚糖。研究了热解温度对热解产物相态分布的影响。同时 ,利用HPLC对脱水内醚糖的产量进行了测定。HPLC分析结果表明 :热解液水相中主要化学物质是乙酸 ,而非水相中主要化学物质是脱水内醚糖     

Characterization of metal adsorption kinetic properties in batch and fixed-bed reactors

Copper adsorption kinetic properties in batch and fixed-bed reactors were studied in this paper. The isothermal adsorption experiments showed that the copper adsorption capacity of a granular activated carbon (Filtrasorb 200) increased when ionic strength was higher. The presence of EDTA diminished the adsorption. An intraparticle diffusion model and a fixed-bed model were successfully used to describe the batch kinetic and fixed-bed operation behaviors. The kinetics became faster when the solution pH was not controlled, implying that the surface precipitation caused some metal uptake. The external mass transfer coefficient, the diffusivity and the dispersion coefficient were obtained from the modeling. It was found that both external mass transfer and dispersion coefficients increased when the flow rate was higher. Finally effects of kinetic parameters on simulation of fixed-bed operation were conducted.     

仲钨酸铵生产中钨渣的污染特性分析

采集了14家仲钨酸铵（APT）生产企业生产过程中产生的钨渣,分别采用HJ/T299—2007《固体废物 浸出毒性浸出方法 硫酸硝酸法》和GB 5085.3—2007《危险废物鉴别标准 浸出毒性鉴别》附录S推荐的方法分析了钨渣中重金属的浓度及浸出浓度,并研究了钨渣的污染特征。结果表明,钨渣中重金属浓度服从正态分布,浓度较高的重金属为Cu、Zn和类金属As,其最大值分别为6 260、25 000和26 900 mg/kg,平均值分别为3 510、4 560和5 640 mg/kg;浸出浓度较大的是Pb、As和Hg,其最大值分别为33.6、26.2和0.85 mg/L,超出GB 5085.3—2007中规定的相应限值的6.72、5.24和8.5倍,超标率分别为14.3%、21.4%和42.9%;钨渣中As、Mo和Hg是特征污染物,应作为危险废物进行管理。     

两相均流板对弯管中气固两相运动分布特征的影响

针对燃煤电厂烟气污染物脱除系统设备入口弯管内的气固两相分布不均的问题,提出一种两相均流板,采用CFD数值模拟的方法对比分析了安装两相均流板与常规导流装置的弯道内气流速度分布、颗粒质量浓度分布以及弯管进出口压差变化特征。结果表明：在弯管内安装两相均流板较安装导流板/三角翼挡板更优,既可以使气固两相均匀分布又可以有效降低系统的压阻,克服了常规均流装置气固两相均流效果不佳、阻力大等缺点,在较低的压阻下解决燃煤电厂烟气污染物脱除系统入口气固两相混合不均匀的问题,有效提高污染物脱除效率。     

The fractionation and geochemical characteristics of rare earth elements measured in ambient size-resolved PM in an integrated iron and steelmaking industry zone

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Improved understanding of the fractionation and geochemical characteristic of rare earth elements (REEs) from steel plant emissions is important due...