研发投入对我国上市环保企业绩效的影响分析

研发投入是技术创新的基础,而创新是一个企业的核心竞争力,直接影响企业的效益及发展。选取2016—2019年我国沪深两市环保行业61家上市公司连续4年的面板数据作为研究对象,采用多元回归分析的方法实证分析环保上市公司研发投入对公司绩效的影响,并分析研发投入的滞后效应。结果显示:研发资金投入强度在当期对公司绩效有负向作用,在滞后一期时与资产收益率呈正相关,滞后两期时与主营业务利润率呈正相关;而研发人员投入强度对企业绩效在当期就有促进作用。为促进企业高质量发展,应当加大研发资金长期性投入,提升研发人员创新能力,加强研发成果转化。     

基于AHP-FCE模型的制药废水处理技术综合评价

制药废水由于具有水质复杂、COD高、有毒有害物浓度高、可生化性差、色度高等特点,处理十分困难。目前制药废水处理技术种类较多,且各项技术均具有各自的特点。为选择合适的制药废水处理技术,构建了制药废水处理技术评价指标体系,确定了评价标准,并采用层次分析法与模糊综合评价法相结合的评价方法(AHP-FCE)对国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(简称“水专项”)研发的13项制药废水处理技术进行了综合评价。结果表明:升流式厌氧污泥床-膜生物反应器(UASB-MBR)组合技术是制药废水处理较优的可行技术,其次为两级分离内循环厌氧反应器和复合氧反应器-好氧反应器(ABR-CASS)生物强化处理技术。研究结果可以为制药企业选择合适的废水处理技术提供支持。     

基于政策工具的中国生物质发电补贴政策评估

生物质发电兼具环境效益与社会效益,对支撑中国推进能源消费革命和乡村振兴,实现碳达峰、碳中和目标具有重要意义。对截至2020年12月31日国家层面出台的生物质发电补贴相关政策进行梳理,运用政策工具理论与方法,从环境、供给、需求3个角度,研发、投资推广、原料资源、生产并网、消费5个环节评估生物质发电补贴政策的实施情况和存在问题,提出生物质发电补贴政策的优化建议。结果表明,现阶段生物质发电产业在研发、原料供应、基础设施领域补贴不足,财政补贴有逐步退坡并向市场机制转变趋势,但相应政策工具及制度创新尚存在欠缺。中国生物质发电补贴政策应在更多关注技术研发、充分涉及中间链条、完善激励机制等方面不断改进,并大力强化市场培育,在配套措施保障下引入市场机制,以促进产业长期可持续发展。     

Acid-assisted hydrothermal synthesis of nanocrystalline TiO2 from titanate nanotubes: Influence of acids on the photodegradation of gaseous toluene

In order to efficiently remove volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from indoor air, onedimensional titanate nanotubes (TiNTs) were hydrothermally treated to prepare TiO₂ nanocrystals with different crystalline phases, shapes and sizes. The influences of various acids such as CH₃COOH, HNO₃, HCl, HF and H₂SO₄ used in the treatment were separately compared to optimize the performance of the TiO₂ nanocrystals. Comparedwith the strong and corrosive inorganic acids, CH₃COOH was not only safer andmore environmentally friendly, but also more efficient in promoting the photocatalytic activity of the obtained TiO₂. Itwasobserved that the anatase TiO₂ synthesized in 15 mol/L CH₃COOH solution exhibited the highest photodegradation rate of gaseous toluene (94%), exceeding that of P25 (44%) by a factor ofmore than two. The improved photocatalytic activity was attributed to the small crystallite size and surface modification by CH₃COOH. The influence of relative humidity (20%-80%) on the performance of TiO₂ nanocrystals was also studied. The anatase TiO₂ synthesized in 15 mol/L CH₃COOH solution was more tolerant tomoisture than the other TiO₂ nanocrystals and P25.     

固定化脱色菌－活性污泥的脱色性能研究

将所筛选的高效脱色菌群,采用聚集－交联法固定在活性污泥上,形民絮状立体网状微观结构。固定化脱色菌－活性污泥的脱色酶活力较未经固定的活性污泥提高７０％左右。经厌氧条件下处理针织厂印染废水,色度平均去降率为７７．３％,ＣＯＤＣｒ平均去除率为６５．１％。     

Growth and alkaline phosphatase activity of Chattonella marina and Heterosigma akashiwo in response to phosphorus limitation

The growth and alkaline phosphatase activity (APA) of two raphidophyceae species Chattonella marina and Heterosigma akashiwo were investigated in response to P-limitation and subsequent addition of dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP, NaH₂PO₄) and two dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) compounds: guanosine 5-monophosphate (GMP) and triethyl phosphate (TEP). APAlevels increased greatly after P-starvation as the decrease of the cellular phosphorus quotes (Q_p). C. marina responded to P-limitation quickly and strongly, with 10-fold increase in APA within 24 hr after P-starvation. The larger difference between maximal and minimal Q_p values in C. marina indicated its high capacity in P storage. APA of H. akashiwo wasmaximally enlarged about 2.5 times at 48 hr of P-starvation. After the addition of nutrients, cell numbers of C. marina increased in all treatments including the P-free culture, demonstrating the higher endurance of C. marina to P-limitation. However, those of H. akashiwo increased only in DIP and GMP cultures. APA increased only after the addition of the monophosphate ester GMP. The results suggest that quick responses of C. marina to P-limitation, high capacity in P storage as well as endurance for P-depletion provide this species an ecological advantage in phytoplankton community competition under DIP-limited conditions.     

Sequence analytical approach to the Upper Kimmeridgian-Lower Tithonian storm-dominated ramp deposits of the Boulonnais (Northern France). A landward time-equivalent to offshore marine source rocks

An interdisciplinary approach based on high-resolution physical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, organic matter analysis and clay mineralogy has been applied to the mixed siliciclastic/carbonate Kimmeridgian/Tithonian deposits of the Boulonnais (north-western France). These rocks are the age-equivalents of some of the offshore marine source rocks of the North Sea and were deposited in an overall storm-dominated homoclinal ramp setting which may represent one of the most shore-proximal sediments of this age cropping out in north-western Europe. Comparison with data from the Yorkshire, Dorset, Lorraine and Aquitaine areas allows the discrimination of three major transgressive-regressive sediment packages with disconformities of interregional extent: (1) from the Baylei Zone to top Eudoxus Zone; (2) from the Autissiodorensis Zone to base Scitulus Zone; (3) from the upper Scitulus Zone to the Pectinatus Zone. The lower two regionally correlative disconformities correspond to the sequence boundaries at the top of the Eudoxus Zone and the top of the Autissiodorensis Zone, formed by high-frequency relative sea-level variations during the periods of maximum transgression of the platform. The latter disconformity (the P1 nodule bed) reflects a major tectonically induced reorganization of the north-west European intrashelf sedimentary basin, characterized by a shift in both the location of the main depocentre and the sources of sediment production.     

Constructing 3D magnetic flower-like Fe3O4@SiO2@Co3O4@BiOCl heterojunction photocatalyst for degrading rhodamine B

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this work, the 3D magnetic flower-like Fe3O4@SiO2@Co3O4@BiOCl heterojunction photocatalyst was successfully prepared. The combination of BiOCl with...     

活性炭与炭黑混合电极的脱盐性能及相关工艺参数的优化

混合电极中各组分的质量比是影响膜电容去离子(membrane capacitive deionization, MCDI)系统脱盐性能的重要因素。重点研究了混合电极中活性材料(活性炭)、导电剂(炭黑)和粘结剂(聚四氟乙烯)3种组分的质量比对MCDI系统脱盐性能的影响,并优化了工艺参数。实验结果表明,在进水氯化钠质量浓度为0.4 g·L⁻¹时,控制活性炭、炭黑及聚四氟乙烯的质量比为8∶1∶1、运行电压为1.2 V,进水流速为4 mL·min⁻¹,MCDI系统具有较优异的脱盐性能,其吸附容量和脱盐速度分别为10.13 mg·g⁻¹和0.44 μmol·(cm²·min)⁻¹,电荷效率和单位能量脱盐量可分别达95.27%和8.23 μmol·J⁻¹;而且,增大进水中氯化钠浓度会进一步提升MCDI系统的吸附容量和脱盐速度,但其脱盐率会有所降低。吸附热力学和动力学拟合结果表明,此混合电极材料脱盐过程分别符合Freundlich吸附等温方程和准二级动力学方程。     

活性污泥脱水性能与电化学阻抗谱参数的关联特性

为探究FeCl₃混凝调理过程中活性污泥脱水性能与电化学阻抗谱参数的关联关系,选取北京3座污水处理厂的剩余活性污泥,研究不同调理投药量下活性污泥的毛细吸水时间(CST)、比阻(SRF)、抽滤含水率、Zeta电位、电导率以及电化学阻抗等指标的变化,通过Pearson相关性分析讨论污泥脱水性能与阻抗谱参数(d_s/f_c)的相关性,并探讨d_s/f_c预测污泥脱水性能的可行性。实验结果表明,FeCl₃调理活性污泥的较适投加量为100 mg·g^-1;超过100 mg·g^-1时,活性污泥CST、SRF、抽滤含水率基本不再下降,Zeta电位却缓慢升高;电化学阻抗Z则随着投加量的增加而持续下降,且Nyquist图中高频区半圆面积减小,这表明电子更易转移、污泥更易导电。相关性分析表明,活性污泥的脱水性能均与d_s/f_c呈显著正相关(r > 0.639,p < 0.01);3种活性污泥CST、SRF、抽滤含水率分别与d_s/f_c的线性回归结果显示它们之间呈线性关系,且线性方程斜率为正值(R² > 0.921,p < 0.01)。上述研究结果表明,活性污泥的d_s/f_c参数可以作为指示脱水性能的潜在指标。本研究结果可为污泥减量化技术提供参考。