活性碳为载体的生物反应器填埋场模拟实验研究

生物反应器填埋场是一种新型的垃圾卫生填埋场,可以加速填埋场的稳定及甲烷的产生。通过模拟试验探讨了加装了活性炭载体的生物反应器填埋场在不同操作条件下的产气情况及COD,pH值、挥发性脂肪酸的变化趋势。试验证明添加活性炭做载体的反应器不仅有助于垃圾降解及渗滤液中COD。浓度的降低,而且填埋气中甲烷含量也较高;但是简单的两相型反应器却不利于甲烷气体的产生和CODCr的降解,这是由于其水解速度慢,水解反应时间长引起的。     

北京市垃圾拾荒者的贡献及其管理对策研究

本文在定义城市垃圾拾荒者并分析其存在原因的基础上,对城市垃圾拾荒者给北京市带来的正面贡献和负面影响作了全面客观的分析,且探讨了适于北京市垃圾拾荒者管理的对策和措施并提出建议,为北京市有关部门制定垃圾拾荒者管理政策提供参考依据.     

直接染料在兼氧条件下的生物降解性能研究

实验分析了6大类14种直接染料在兼氧条件下的降解性能和脱色效果。在未加葡萄糖的实验中,采用不同温度（20℃与35℃）和不同停留时间来测定染料的降解性能。结果表明,35℃下的最佳停留时间为48h,此时的COD。的去除率及脱色均有较好的效果,而在72h的停留时间下,降解效果无明显提升。20℃下最佳停留时间则为72h,此时的COD。去除率及脱色效果与35℃下的结果很接近。在添加葡萄糖的实验中得到结果证实了葡萄糖作为在共代谢作用中的碳源对促进染料的降解起到非常积极的作用。     

Simulation analysis of environmental risk accident and management of high-sulfur gas field development in complex terrain

Environmental risk of high sulfur gas field exploitation has become one of the hot spots of environmental management studies. Severe gas H₂S blowout accidents in recent years have shown that poor understanding and estimates of the poisonous gas movement could lead to dangerous evacuation delays. It is important to evaluate the real concentration of H₂S, especially in complex terrain. Traditional experiential models are not valid in the case of rough terrain, especially in low-lying areas where the gas accumulates. This study, using high sulfur content gas field of Sichuan “Pu Guang gas field” as study object and adopting objective diagnosis of wind field of land following coordinate three dimensions, applied Lagrangian Puff Model and breaking up technique of puffs to simulate the H₂S diffusion condition of blowout accidents produced in the high sulfur content gas field of complex terrain area. The results showed that the H₂S distribution did not occur mainly in low wind direction, and due to the obstruction of the mountain’s body, it accumulated in front of mountain on produced turn over, flowed around submitted jumping type distribution. The mountain waist near the hilltop and low hollow river valley site rapture points simulating contrast showed that the higher the rapture point, the better the diffusing condition of pollutant, the distribution of risk sensitive point decided piping rupture environmental risk size combining the H₂S diffusion result and residential area dispersing in the study area, synthetic judge located in the high rapture point environmental risk was smaller than the low hollow point, thus it was suggested to carryout laying of lining build of equal high line of higher terrain. According to simulation results, the environmental risk management measures aimed at putting down adverse effects were worked out.     

Degradation of chlorinated phenols by nanoscale zero-valent iron

Chlorophenols (CPs), as important contaminants in groundwater, are toxic and difficult to biodegrade. Recently nanoscale zero-valent iron received a great deal of attention because of its excellent performance in treating recalcitrant compounds. In this study, nanoscale zero-valent iron particles were prepared using chemical reduction, and the reductive transformations of three kinds of chlorinated phenols (2-CP, 3-CP, and 4-CP) by nanoscale zero-valent iron under different conditions were investigated. The transformation process of the CPs was shown to be dechlorination first, then cleavage of the benzene ring. The removal efficiency of the CPs varied as follows: 2-CP > 3-CP > 4-CP. The reactivity of CPs was associated with their energy of lowest unoccupied molecular orbit (E _LUMO). With the increase in initial concentrations of CPs, removal efficiency decreased a little. But the quantities of CPs reduced increased evidently. Temperature had influence on not only the removal efficiency, but also the transformation pathway. At higher temperatures, dechlorination occurred prior to benzene ring cleavage. At lower temperatures, however, the oxidation product was formed more easily. __________ Translated from China Environmental Science, 2006, 26(6): 698–702 [译自: 中国环境科学]     

武汉月湖和莲花湖表层沉积物中持久性有机物的污染状况

采用气－质联用技术分析了武汉汉阳月湖和莲花湖的4个表层沉积物样品中的有机污染物,探讨了两湖沉积物受持久性有机物污染的程度。月湖中共检测出124种有机物,其中属环境优先控制污染物和美国EPA筛选的内分泌干扰物19种;莲花湖中共检测出186种有机物,环境优先控制污染物和美国EPA筛选的内分泌干扰物34种。主要污染物包括：酞酸酯、酯类、酚类、杂环和苯及其衍生物等。污染物浓度顺序为L1＞L2＞Y2＞Y1,莲花湖中有机物浓度明显高于月湖。两湖邻苯二甲酸酯的含量最高,占了污染物总量的96%~98%,邻苯二甲酸乙基己基酯（平均值 17 59903 ng/g 干重）和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（平均值 2 515.76 ng/g 干重）是两湖沉积物中的主要酞酸酯类污染物。     

促进区域产业有序转移与协调发展的碳减排目标设计

当前,在扩大内需、转变经济发展方式的大背景下,跨区域产业转移已成为中国区域政策中促进区域协调发展的重要手段。如何根据中国各区域碳排放的差异性,合理设计有差别的碳减排目标,促进区域产业有序转移与协调发展,是当前需要考虑的一个重要战略问题。本文首先采用工业部门市场份额指标来反映地区产业转移状况,并按产业转移情况和工业化水平把中国划分为净转入、净转出和其他中西部三类区域;然后运用改进的LMDI模型,从碳排放系数、碳排放强度、经济结构及经济规模四个方面对不同区域碳排放效应进行分解,明确了不同区域碳排放的差异特征。在此基础上,根据未来中国区域碳减排政策应坚持"共同而有区别的责任原则",建立了新的区域碳减排指标分配框架,即对净转入、净转出和其他中西部三类区域分别实行以结构调整为主的强制减排、以降低能源强度为主的强制减排和发展减排的差异化目标,促进东部地区产业转型升级与中西部地区跨越式绿色发展。     

南京冬季典型霾天气过程多元对比分析

选取2017～2020南京地区冬季3个典型霾天气过程,综合分析了霾天气过程中污染物、气象要素以及边界层条件等影响机制与特征变化.结果表明,3次过程中,AQI指数峰值分别为304(严重污染)、227(重度污染)与176(中度污染),且与PM2.5、PM10浓度变化基本趋于一致,PM25与PM10比值基本都大于0.7;污染...     

太湖沉积物好氧细菌空间分布与氮磷来源及风险

沉积物中氮磷释放到湖水中会加剧湖泊的富营养化,危害生态安全和人类健康.微生物在氮磷转换中不可或缺,准确分析沉积物中氮磷分布特征和来源以及与微生物的关系是湖泊富营养化管控的重要前提.以太湖为研究区,采集30个表层沉积物样品,测定并分析了粒度、pH、有机质（OM）、溶解性有机碳（DOC）、全磷（TP）、全氮（TN）、硝态氮（NO₃^--N）和溶解性有机氮（DON）等指标含量及空间分布特征,同时利用营养琼脂（NA）培养基以平板计数法测定好氧细菌（AB）数量.结合主成分分析（PCA）和Pearson相关分析探究了太湖沉积物和AB空间分布特征和来源.采用综合污染指数法和有机污染指数法研究了太湖沉积物污染特征.结果表明,太湖表层沉积物指标平均值如下：AB为9.25×10⁴ CFU ·g^-1,平均粒径（M_Z）为17.59 μm,pH为7.62,ω（OM）为15.05g ·kg^-1,ω（DOC）为71.60mg ·kg^-1,ω（TP）为598.13mg ·kg^-1,ω（TN）为1113.92 mg ·kg^-1,ω（NO₃^--N）为3.22mg ·kg^-1,ω（DON）为22.60mg ·kg^-1.综合污染指数（FF）显示太湖中的点位13%为中度污染,87%为重度污染.TN除在湖心区、南部湖区和东太湖西部的部分湖区为轻度污染外,其余区域为中重度污染.除竺山湾为重度污染外,太湖中TP整体上为轻中度污染.有机污染指数（OI）表明,太湖沉积物有机污染较轻,主要与有机氮（ON）污染有关.太湖中DOC、DON、TN和OM主要来源于水生植物的影响,TP和AB主要来源于河流外源输入的影响.研究将为湖泊富营养化治理提供理论支撑,也为进一步研究AB去除沉积物中氮磷污染提供新思路.