US/Fenton试剂协同处理焦化废水的研究

采用US (超声波)协同Fenton试剂氧化法处理焦化废水,考察了H2O2投加量、Fe2 投加量、废水的pH、反应时间和超声波功率对处理效果的影响,确定了最佳工艺条件.结果表明,在H2O2投加量7.0 g/L;Fe2 投加量500 mg/L;pH=3.0; 反应时间 40 min; 超声波功率 600 W 的条件下,COD、NH3-N、CN-和色度的去除率分别达95.8%、71.3%、69.5%和75.2%,出水COD降至41.0 mg/L.在相同条件下,US/Fenton试剂协同法的处理效率比单独Fenton试剂氧化法的处理效率提高了约20%,且反应时间显著缩短.     

皮革铬鞣废水回收利用中铬渣的铬量测定

本文研究了皮革铬鞣废水中铬的定性特征曲线。利用吸光度加合定律对大量实测数据进行统计处理。建立测定铬的实验室校准直线方程，相关系数γ＝０．９９６０．以此作为测定铬鞣废水及回收铬渣中铬量的实验室回归直线方程。并对本法的可靠性进行研究，结果令人满意。本法不仅大大简化了铬量测定的步骤．而且在提高分析效率的同时获得同等的检测结果。     

Comparison of different liquid anaerobic digestion effluents as inocula and nitrogen sources for solid-state batch anaerobic digestion of corn stover

Effluents from three liquid anaerobic digesters, fed with municipal sewage sludge, food waste, or dairy waste, were evaluated as inocula and nitrogen sources for solid-state batch anaerobic digestion of corn stover in mesophilic reactors. Three feedstock-to-effluent (F/E) ratios (i.e., 2, 4, and 6) were tested for each effluent. At an F/E ratio of 2, the reactor inoculated by dairy waste effluent achieved the highest methane yield of 238.5 L/kgVS_feed, while at an F/E ratio of 4, the reactor inoculated by food waste effluent achieved the highest methane yield of 199.6 L/kgVS_feed. The microbial population and chemical composition of the three effluents were substantially different. Food waste effluent had the largest population of acetoclastic methanogens, while dairy waste effluent had the largest populations of cellulolytic and xylanolytic bacteria. Dairy waste also had the highest C/N ratio of 8.5 and the highest alkalinity of 19.3 g CaCO₃/kg. The performance of solid-state batch anaerobic digestion reactors was closely related to the microbial status in the liquid anaerobic digestion effluents.     

Effect of ozone injection on the long-term performance and microbial community structure of a VOCs biofilter

For biofilters treating waste gases containing volatile organic compounds(VOCs), biomass accumulation is a common problem which will induce bed clogging and significant decrease in VOCs removal efficiency during long-term operation. In this study, ozone injection was developed as a biomass control strategy, and its effects on the biofilter performance and the microbial community structure were investigated in long-term operation. Two biofilters,identified as BF1 and BF2, were operated continuously for 160 days treating gaseous toluene under the same conditions, except that 200 mg/m3 ozone was continuously injected into BF1 during days 45–160. During the operation period, ozone injection did not change the toluene removal efficiency, while the pressure drop of BF1 with ozone injection was significantly lowered compared with BF2. The wet biomass accumulation rate of BF1 was 11 g/m~3/hr, which was only46% of that in BF2. According to the carbon balance result, ozone injection also increased the toluene mineralization rate from 83% to 91%, which could be an important reason for the low biomass accumulation. The PMA-q PCR result indicated that ozone injection increased the microbial viability of the biofilm. The high-throughput sequencing result also revealed that the dominant phyla and genera were not changed significantly by ozone injection, but some ozonetolerant genera such as Rhodanobacter, Dokdonella and Rhodococcus were enhanced by ozone exposure. All the results verified that ozone injection is capable of sustaining the long-term performance of biofilters by lowering the biomass accumulation, increasing the microbial viability and changing the microbial community structure.     

中国财政政策对能源消费影响的动态效应分析

运用因果检验、协整检验、向量误差修正模型和方差分解，就1989-2006年闻我国财政政策对能源消费影响的动态效应作了实证分析。结果表明。我国财政政策对能源消费具有较强的调控效果；财政政策外生于能源消费，具有较强的独立性；财政政策存在较长的时滞，有明显的中期化现象。这种中期化现象的存在极大地削弱了财政政策能源调控效应的发挥。建议：在保证国家掌握能源资源的所有权基础上，要逐渐开放能源产业的中、下游市场。使不同的经济成分参与到能源市场中来。提高市场化程度。促进能源财政政策调控效应的增强。因此。国家必须增强能源财政政策目标的针对性。形成一套完整的能源财政政策体系。     

澳大利亚碳交易体系下的经济援助系统

澳大利亚碳交易机制正式实施,配套的经济援助系统为其提供了合理、合法、全方位的保障措施,为企业转向清洁生产提供良好的过度环境。援助系统主要分为工业援助与居民援助两大部分,对澳大利亚碳交易机制的经济扰动进行了系统调节。这些援助系统的设计优点可为中国碳交易市场建设提供经验借鉴。