高压加氢裂化装置危险性分析及预防

分析高压加氢裂化装置在目前生产工艺条件下的主要危险,结合装置安全生产实际,提出相应的预防措施。     

某有色金属企业污水处理厂污水处理工艺

对有色金属冶炼过程中产生的废水按特征因子的不同进行分质处理。其中,高浓度氨氮废水采用三级氨氮吹脱、吸收工艺进行脱氨预处理;含砷酸性废水采用三段中和-铁盐混凝法预处理;经预处理废水混合后,采用石灰法分级沉淀处理废水中重金属离子;然后根据各单位对回用水水质的不同要求,对废水进行深度处理,实现了污水处理后全部回用,污水零排放的目的。并且对污水中的氨、石膏、镍等资源进行回收利用,为企业降低了运行成本,并且防止了二次污染。     

某冶炼企业含氨废水脱氨预处理工艺设计方案

通过对某有色金属企业的高浓度含氨废水进行脱氨处理的研究,设计了三级氨吹脱、吸收工艺。经预处理后,氨氮去除率达到98%以上,并且对氨水及副产品石膏进行回收利用,降低了企业成本,并且防止了二次污染。     

Isolation,identification, and biological characteristics of a wild Chaga mushroom北大核心CSCD

In this study, a pure culture strain (numbered as F1501) was obtained using tissue separation and purification methods from the sclerotia of Chaga mushroom from Russia. Further researches included studies on classification, optimum growth conditions of mycelia, extracellular polysaccharides from fermentation broth and their antioxidant activity, and artificial acclimation. According to the identification of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, it was confirmed that F1501 was a species of the genus Inonotus and family Hymenochaetaceae, which had 99% similarity with Inonotus obliquus. F1501 was further classified as I. obliquus based on the morphological characteristics of its mycelia and sclerotia. The optimal carbon source, nitrogen source, C/N ratio, growth factor, temperature, and pH value for the growth of the F1501 strain mycelia were maltose, beef extracts, 10/1, B2, 28 °C, and 8.0, respectively. Liquid fermentation of F1501 was performed using PD media and a 10% inoculation amount at 28 °C and 150 r/min for 7 d. The content of polysaccharides in the fermentation broth was 476.32 mg/L, with a total antioxidant activity of 0.19 mmol/L (Trolox) and hydroxyl free radical-scavenging activity of 72.7%. Artificial acclimation study revealed that the fruiting body-like structure was obtained using cottonseed hulls as the main substrate. In the present study, a new strain of I. obliquus and its biological characteristics were explored, which could provide a theoretical basis for the artificial acclimation and development of wild mushrooms. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

涠洲12-1油田油井结垢机理研究

采用X射线衍射法分析了涠洲12-1油田A3油井井筒垢样,并对结垢离子的来源、结垢机理、结垢原因及结垢部位进行了分析。结果表明,涠洲12-1油田中块油井垢样的主要成分中61.3%是BaSr(SO4)2。结垢阳离子主要源于地层中含锶、钡等重矿物在高温、高压及高矿化度条件下的溶解和解离,结垢阴离子主要源于地层中硫酸盐矿物(如BaSO4、SrSO4)溶解、解离及注入水(海水)。结垢是注入水与地层水不配伍引起的,涠洲12-1油田防垢应以预防BaSr(SO4)2为主。     

九龙江北溪拟多甲藻水华防治与应急处置

2009年初以来,在福建省九龙江北溪的支流和干流连续发生了拟多甲藻（Peridiniopsis penardii）水华。经检测,拟多甲藻水华没有明显的生物毒性,但其所形成的深褐色水色和轻微藻腥味对该流域的龙岩、漳州和厦门三城市的生产和生活是造成了一定的影响。研究结果表明,在甲藻水华的防治与应急处置过程中,必须进一步加强组织体系建设,明确各职能部门职责,并根据不同水域的实际情况和季节变化,采取相应的物理、化学和生物方法予以防治和应急处置。     

马踏湖富营养化年度变化分析及对策

选取总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、高锰酸盐指数(CODMn)、透明度(SD)和叶绿素a五项,利用综合营养状态指数法评价马踏湖富营养化程度,并选取总氮、氨氮、化学需氧量、五日生化需氧量、高锰酸盐指数等主要指标年均值的比值作图分析,得出马踏湖污染状况。在此基础上分析马踏湖水体富营养化原因,并提出降低马踏湖富营养化现象的措施、对策。     

污水处理市场化改革与运营监管探析——以深圳市龙岗区为例

运营监管是污水处理市场化改革中的重要问题。文章在分析污水处理市场运营监管必要性的基础上,围绕监管制度建设问题,通过对深圳市龙岗区污水处理市场化进程、监管体系的建立和运营监管措施的实证分析,总结经验及不足,并从中得出建立健全污水处理市场化运营监管体制机制的相应思路和建议。     

Responses of dissolved organic carbon and dissolved nitrogen in surface water and soil to CO2 enrichment in paddy field

Increasing evidences have shown that dissolved organic components are responsible for the significant C and N exports from terrestrial ecosystems to the surrounding aquatic ecosystems and very sensitive to CO₂ enrichment. However, there is still a lack of direct evidence about CO₂-led effects on these components at the ecosystem scale, especially in wetlands. We, therefore, simultaneously investigated the contents of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved nitrogen (DN) in the surface water and soil layer in a paddy field under FACE facility in Eastern China. Elevated CO₂ significantly increased the contents of DOC and DN in the surface water by 18.0% and 14.3% on average. Elevated CO₂ also increased DOC content in the soil, but decreased DN content. The contents of DOC and DN in the soil–water interface of 0–1 cm soil layer were on average 22.4% and 47.5% higher than in the 5–15 cm soil layer. Besides, significant higher DOC and DN contents existed in the soil porewater than in the surface water. Due to multiple drainage regime and rainstorm-induced runoffs in rice cropping regions, CO₂-led DOC and DN increments in the surface water may increase C and N exports from paddies to the surrounding aquatic ecosystems under future climate patterns.     

鞍山市有机氯农药土—气交换研究

通过对鞍山市典型区域(6个污染源、4个居住区、一个对照点)土壤及大气中有机氯农药(organochlorine pesicides,OCPs)的监测,利用逸度及逸度模型的相关概念计算鞍山市有机氯农药类污染物土-气交换的迁移方向及交换通量。OCPs土-气交换现状表明,土壤仍是OCPs主要储存地。各点位检出有机氯农药组分数据为83个,土-气交换通量范围在-28.4~1518 g/(km2·月)之间,其中污染物由空气相向土壤相迁移占比9.6%,其余均呈现由土壤相向空气相迁移;对照点千山只检出两种污染物,通量值只有3.37 g/(km2·月);各点位污染物中,3种六六六(HCHs)交换通量占比最大,占总交换量的43%~95%。