Insights into low fish mercury bioaccumulation in a mercury-contaminated reservoir, Guizhou, China

We examined Hg biogeochemistry in Baihua Reservoir, a system affected by industrial wastewater containing mercury (Hg). As expected, we found high levels of total Hg (THg, 664-7421 ng g(-1)) and monomethylmercury (MMHg, 3-21 ng g(-1)) in the surface sediments (0-10 cm). In the water column, both THg and MMHg showed strong vertical variations with higher concentrations in the anoxic layer (>4m) than in the oxic layer (0-4 m), which was most pronounced for the dissolved MMHg (p < 0.001). However, mercury levels in biota samples (mostly cyprinid fish) were one order of magnitude lower than common regulatory values (i.e. 0.3-0.5 mg kg(-1)) for human consumption. We identified three main reasons to explain the low fish Hg bioaccumulation: disconnection of the aquatic food web from the high MMHg zone, simple food web structures, and biodilution effect at the base of the food chain in this eutrophic reservoir.     

我国PPE市场探析

PPE（个体防护装备）的应用涉及到我国国民经济的许多领域．随着经济建设的快速发展和各级政府对安全防护工作的高度重视与资金投入．以及企事业单位对安全防护尤其对个体防护的意识普遍增强．对PPE的要求也越来越高。促使国内PPE市场需求也随之升温．面对十分看好的市场前景．众多厂商之间的竞争也愈加激烈。     

Leaf-air transfer of organochlorine pesticides from three selected vegetables

The leaf-air transfer of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in three kinds of vegetables, namely lettuce, romaine and garlic leaves was investigated. It was found that although the uptake of OCPs by the three selected vegetables was similar under controlled conditions, the depuration varied significantly among chemicals and plant species in terms of elimination rate, final residue of each OCPs, as well as the effect of temperature on the residue of OCPs in the vegetables. The results indicated that neither QCB nor HCB could be trapped tightly by any of the three selected vegetables, in contrast, p,p'-DDT could be retained effectively by all of them; the retainment of alpha-HCH, gamma-HCH, p,p'-DDE, was dependent on the vegetable species, of which the garlic leaf had the biggest ability to trap them. Our work provided insight into the behavior of OCPs in the agroecosystem.     

Behavior and fate of chlorpyrifos introduced into soil-crop systems by irrigation

The effect of chlorpyrifos added in irrigation water to a red soil from Central South China on the growth of wheat and oilseed rape seedlings, together with its uptake, was studied in a pot experiment. Addition of chlorpyrifos (1-10 microg g-1) in a single irrigation with distilled water resulted in absorption of chlorpyrifos by wheat (0.257-4.50 microg g-1) and also oilseed rape seedlings (0.249-2.02 microg g-1) during 20 d of plant growth. An initial concentration of chlorpyrifos in soil that is equivalent to or below 10 microg g-1 did not significantly influence the growth of wheat seedlings. Similarly, an initial concentration equivalent to or below 5 microg g-1 did not significantly influence the growth of oilseed rape seedlings. The degradation rate of chlorpyrifos was 1.4-4.2 times larger in oilseed rape rhizosphere soil than in unvegetated soil. The numbers of bacteria and fungi in oilseed rape rhizosphere soil were 3.18 times and 1.84 times larger, respectively, than those in unvegetated soil. This helps to explain the difference in degradation rates obtained.     

Synthesis evaluation with entire-array-polygon method to ecological economic system of Funing County in Jiangsu Province

Based on the theory of ecological footprint this paper analyzed the ecological economic system in Funing County in the view of demands of economic system to natural resource and supply of ecosystem for natural resources. It was proposed that the concept of ecological deficit (ecological remainder) per ten thousands yuan GDP be used to evaluate development of ecological economic system. With a synthesis appraisement to the ecological economic system using entire-array-polygon method combined with Ulanowicz development ability and with ecological deficit (ecological remainder) per ten thousands yuan GDP, it provids a theoretical base for reconstructing and managing of demonstration eco-region.     

天津市秋季臭氧浓度影响因素及相关关系研究

选择天津市秋季典型重污染时期2005年11月2～7日近地面大气O3、NO、NO2、CO、紫外线(UV)强度和温度等观测数据,研究O3浓度的时间变化特征及其与相关前体物、气象条件的相关关系.结果表明,在观测期间O3浓度存在明显的日变化周期,在13:00～14:00时浓度最大,夜间变化平缓;O3浓度与NO、NO2、NOx和CO等前体物呈较好的负相关关系;温度和UV与O3浓度密切相关,昼间O3与UV呈相同变化趋势,相关系数达0.71,O3浓度变化滞后于UV变化,将O3浓度与前1小时的UV对比分析,相关系数提高到0.81.     

实施注采一体管柱技术 节能降耗减污增效

超稠油蒸汽吞吐注采一体管柱技术,是对多项稠油开采工艺技术进行实践、总结、分析而来。该项技术,解决了作业频繁的问题,实现了不动管柱直接转抽,并可以多次注汽、转抽;由此而改变传统的蒸汽吞吐注采工艺技术,做到注、采、焖、放一体管柱,减少作业工序和降低井筒热损失,降低环境污染及电能消耗,实现超稠油不动管柱开采,有效降低超稠油开采成本,提高了油井的生产实效,并取得可观的经济效益和环境效益,实现节能、降耗、减污、增效的清洁生产目标。     

茶多酚对蟾蜍坐骨神经干兴奋传导及骨骼肌收缩的影响

采用不同浓度的茶多酚溶液作用于蟾蜍坐骨神经-腓肠肌标本,发现10μg/L茶多酚就可极显著地增强腓肠肌的收缩张力,且随着其浓度的加大而张力增加,直至茶多酚浓度超过160μg/L时,肌肉张力开始回落,间接证明了茶多酚能够促进肌细胞内质网钙库中Ca2+向细胞质的释放.实验还发现,茶多酚能够显著地缩短蟾蜍坐骨神经-腓肠肌标本单收缩的潜伏期,但不影响动作电位单独在神经和肌肉细胞上的传导速度.这是由于茶多酚能提高蟾蜍神经-肌肉接头处微终板电位(MEPP)的频率和振幅,从而提高终板膜的兴奋性,使动作电位在神经-肌肉接头处的传递速度加快,缩短了突触延搁的时间.由此推测,这种兴奋性的加强还是源于茶多酚可促进神经纤维轴突末梢Ca2+内流,使细胞质中Ca2+浓度增加,导致乙酰胆碱释放量增加所致.     

Selective removal of 2,4-dichlorophenol from contaminated water using non-covalent imprinted microspheres

A molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) for selective removal of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) in water was prepared as microspheres by the reverse microemulsion polymerization method based on the non-covalent interactions between 2,4-DCP, oleic acid, and divinylbenzene in acetonitrile. Microspheres have been characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS) studies with evidence of 2,4-DCP linkage in polymer particles and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to study their morphological properties. The proper adsorption and selective recognition ability of the MIP were studied by an equilibrium-adsorption method. The MIP showed outstanding affinity towards 2,4-DCP in aqueous solution and the optimum pH value for binding has been found around the neutral range. The molecular recognition of 2,4-DCP was analyzed in detail by using molecular modeling software. In addition, by investigating the variation in the adsorption ability of the MIP, it clearly showed excellent reproducibility.     

半干法烧结烟气脱硫灰中亚硫酸钙氧化研究

针对半干法烧结烟气脱硫灰因CaSO3含量高难以有效综合利用的问题,采用静态和动态氧化实验,结合热重-差热分析探讨了半干法烧结烟气脱硫灰中CaSO3的氧化效果.实验结果表明,在沮度为45～90℃,以MnO2、Fe2O3、V2O3为催化剂时,脱硫灰中CaSO3的氧化率不超过3%,催化效果好差为MnO2Fe2O3V2O5;在温度为400～500℃、气固比(空气体积流量与脱硫灰质量比)为0.02～0.06m3/(g·h)、反应时间为30～60min、无外加催化剂时.脱硫灰中CaSO,3的氧化率为40.4%～100.0%;温度在450℃以上时,CaSO3氧化率均在80%以上.