园艺生产中环境保护问题

园艺花卉产业的发展与其它农业生产一样，面临着各种环境问题，突出表现在化肥、农药对环境的污染、野生花卉种质资源和生产多样性的破坏以及对生物安全的威胁等。实现园艺花卉业可持续发展，应立足生态农业，提高科学技术水平和管理水平，保护野生花卉种质资源。同时，作者提出了野生花卉资源收集、保护、繁育等方面开发国际使用的设想。     

Chlorobenzenes and organochlorinated pesticides in vegetable soils from an industrial site, China

Organochlorinated compounds are ubiquitous contaminants in the environment, especially in industrial sites. The objective of the work was to investigate whether a vegetable field near an industrial site is safe for vegetable production. The residues of chlorobenzenes (CBs), hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) in a vegetable field which was near a chemical plant in China were characterized. Point estimate quotient was used for ecological risk assessment of the investigated site. The results showed that all CBs except monochlorobenzene (MCB) were detected in soils. The total concentrations of ∑CBs ranged from 71.06 to 716.57 ng/g, with a mean concentration of 434.93 ng/g. The main components of CBs in soil samples were dichlorobenzenes (DCBs), trichlorobenzenes (TCBs) and tetrachlorobenzenes (TeCBs), while for single congeners, 1,2,4-TCB had the highest concentration, which ranged from 13.21 to 210.35 ng/g with a mean concentration of 111.89 ng/g. Residues of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) in soil samples ranged from 0.9 to 11.79 ng/g, significantly lower than ∑DCB, ∑TCB and ∑TeCB. Concentrations of ∑HCHs and ∑DDTs in soils ranged from 11.32 to 55.24 ng/g and from 195.63 to 465.58 ng/g, respectively, of which the main components were αup-HCH and p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE). Ecological risk assessment for the investigated site showed that the most potential risks were from TCBs and TeCBs, based on the hazard quotients. The higher residues of CBs and DDTs compared to the target values and the higher than 1 hazard quotients indicated that this area is not safe for vegetable production and thus soil remediation is needed.     

磺胺类抗生素复合污染降解菌的筛选及其降毒作用

磺胺类抗生素是环境中检测出率较高的一类污染物.微生物降解是一种相对安全、高效且成本低的污染物去除技术,而关于磺胺类抗生素复合污染降解菌对该类抗生素的去除及其降毒能力方面的研究较少.因此,以3种磺胺类抗生素:磺胺吡啶(SP)、磺胺氯哒嗪(SCP)和磺胺二甲嘧啶(SM2)为碳源,从土壤中筛选3种磺胺类抗生素复合污染的降解菌...     

Heavy metal contamination of road-deposited sediments in a medium size city of China

The aim of this paper is to determine and compare the environmental factors controlling vertical colonisation of periphyton on Sparganium erectum in a shallow eutrophic turbid lake, Manyas Lake, and an oligo-mesotrophic deep lake, Sapanca Lake, Turkey during the July 1997--November 1998. To investigate the effect of the environmental factors on periphyton colonization on S. erectum, the stem was cut above the rhizomes and subdivided into three equal sections. Multivariate statistical analyses have been applied to clarify relationships between environmental variables and periphyton colonization on S. erectum. Results indicated that physical disturbance and trophic level of the lakes influenced the colonization of the periphyton. Among the measured parameters, low light intensity, total suspended solids, temperature and water level fluctuation were observed as driving factors in Manyas Lake whereas nutrient deficiency was found as key factor in Sapanca Lake. The zonation of the periphyton, density, composition and dominant/subdominant taxa were significantly different in these lakes. However, Oedogonium sp., Mougeotia sp., Cylindrocapsa sp., Cladophora glomerata (Linn.), Aulacoseira italica (Ehr.) Simonsen, Melosira varians C. Agardh, Navicula tripunctata (O.F. Müller) Bory and Fragilaria ulna (Nitzsch) Lange-Bertalot were found as dominant species at all sections of S. erectum both in Manyas Lake and Sapanca Lake. It can be thought that these species have a broad range of tolerance to several physical, chemical and hydrologic disturbances. This is the first study to introduce how much the water quality and hydrologic drivers have affected vertical colonization of periphyton on S. erectum in two lakes with different mixing regimes.     

建设项目环境影响评价中环境风险防范问题研究

结合建设项目环境影响评价报告书审查的实际,指出报告书中关于环境风险防范方面存在的编制依据的有效性、工程分析的完整性、环境风险评价的规范性、公众参与的针对性、社会稳定风险评估的真实性、环境监理的适用性和竣工环境保护验收的指导性等问题。根据国家近期对环境风险防范方面的法律法规等规定及研究成果,提出相应的改进建议。     

湖州地震台观测资料在汶川8.0级地震中的映震效应综合研究

在湖州地震台现有的形变、测震、流体三大学科的观测资料基础上,对汶川8.0级地震中的映震效应综合研究,得出了水管倾斜仪、伸缩仪,这两套仪器的NS、EW两个分项,在同一个观测环境中,仪器记录的同一个地震,精度高的分量,振幅不一定大;钻孔应变仪和伸缩仪、水位、水温仪安装不同的地点,两个观测点直线距离大约五公里,从记录资料上看,两者反映地下介质变化是一致的;地形观测资料的映震效应初始时间基本和p波到时同步,流体观测资料的映震效应初始时间基本和S波到时同步。     

应用GIS技术研究车流量与交通噪声相关性

对无锡建成区交通噪声等效声级(L_eq)与车流量进行监测,应用GIS技术分析交通噪声与车流量的空间分布,为交通噪声污染防治工作提供科学参考。结果表明:噪声L_eq峰值及车流量峰值均集中在高速公路出入口必经路段,此区域为噪声污染防治重点区域。同时发现,噪声L_eq与车流量在空间分布上并非成正比关系,在时间趋势上车流量上升但噪声值下降,说明在机动车保有量不断攀升的背景下,采取多种防治措施可以有效缓解甚至改善交通噪声污染。     

影响省级环境监测中心站职工积极性因素的调查

调查结果表明,在二十项调查内容中,省环境监测站职工普遍对工作条件类指标（单位的领导水平、良好的工作环境、和睦的人际关系、领导重视和单位的前途）寄予很高的期望。对经济类指标（福利待遇和稳定的经济收入）反映强烈。此外,对能够体现知识分子能力和水平的职称晋级问题也有较高的要求     

高压脉冲放电等离子体对水中土霉素的降解

采用针-板式高压脉冲放电等离子体降解水中土霉素,考察了放电输出功率、空气流量、电极间距、溶液初始浓度、初始pH、初始电导率和添加Fe2+的量对土霉素去除率的影响。实验结果表明,高压脉冲放电等离子体对水中土霉素有较好的去除效率,在初始浓度200 mg/L,放电功率64 W,电极间距8 mm,空气流速0.05 m3/h,初始pH为2.6,初始电导率1.083 mS/cm条件下,反应12 min后,土霉素的去除率可达97%。向溶液中添加Fe2+,可提高土霉素的去除率。TOC随着反应时间的延长逐渐减小,反应12 min时,TOC去除率可达57%,说明大分子物质被降解为小分子物质,部分被完全矿化为CO2和H2O。     

氟化氢对水稻和青菜产量的影响

利用开顶式熏气装置,对水稻和青菜进行长时间的HF暴露试验。通过在熏气过程中对叶片电导率、含氟量和脯氨酸的分析比较,以及在熏气结束后对水稻穗数、千粒重和青菜鲜重的生物量统计测定,讨论和评价了HF对该作物产量的影响。