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201.
X.J. Xie W. Ran Q.R. Shen C.Y. Yang J.J. Yang Z.H. Cao 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2004,26(2):237-243
Field experiments were done in two sites, Yixing and Changshu, Jiangsu province, China, to study P movement and leaching in flooded paddy soils. P movement in soil was investigated by using the KH2
32PO4 tracker method, and the amount of P leached from the soil layer in different depths was estimated by measuring P concentrations in the soil solution and saturated hydraulic conductivities in field. Determination was done about one month after P application. There was 46% and 42% of total 32P retained in the 0–5cm layer of soil in the Yixing site and in the Changshu site respectively. The 32P retained in the 25–30 cm layer was only about 1–2% of the total 32P added. Furthermore, 8.01% of 32P in the soil of Yixing site and 16.8% of 32P in the soil of Changshu site was lost from the layer 0–30cm soil. The seasonal amounts of P leached from the top soil layer and from bottom layer are about 4.5–5.8% and 1.6–2.1% of the total P application, respectively. Changes of total P concentrations in soil solutions during rice growth showed that the fertilizer P applied before flooding of the paddy fields suffered a flash leaching loss and a slow leaching loss. We concluded that the fertilizer P could quickly move in the flooded paddy rice field and parts of it can enter into surface water and ground water. Unless the P application is well managed the risk of P loss and consequently environmental pollution exist. 相似文献
202.
X.G. Lin R. Yin H.Y. Zhang J.F. Huang R.R. Chen Z.H. Cao 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2004,26(2):119-128
A survey was done recently in Jiaxing city of Zhejiang Province in the Yangtze River Delta to compare the differences of soil microbiological properties among paddy soils with different land use including continuous open-field vegetable cultivation (OFVC), plastic-greenhouse vegetable cultivation (PGVC) and traditional rice–wheat rotation (RWR). The soil types included are percolating, permeable and waterlogged paddy soils. The results indicate that the microbial flora was markedly changed as the land use changed for all the three soil types. In continuous vegetable cultivation soils, especially in PGVC soils, the bacteria amounts decreased dramatically, but the fungal and actinomyce amounts increased as compared with RWR soils. The dehydrogenase activities decreased significantly in vegetable soils, especially in PGVC soils as compared with RWR soils. The microbial biomass C and the total phospholipid contents (TPL) in vegetable cultivation soil greatly decreased as compared with RWR soils. Biolog analysis indicated that the kinds of carbon sources that could be metabolized by native microbes in PGVC soils greatly decreased as compared with OFVC soils and RWR soils, revealing that microbial diversity had decreased since land use change. The activities of some soil enzymes including urease, invertase and phosphase were all lower in OFVC soils than those in RWR soils, and those in PGVC soils were the lowest. The degradation of microbiological activities in continuous vegetable cultivation soils, especially in PGVC soils, as compared with RWR soils might have been caused by soil acidification and accumulation of salts due to overuse of both organic and inorganic fertilizers in vegetable cultivation. 相似文献
204.
探讨面向21世纪环境保护发展的压力 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
按目前形势发展预测,近些年内我国环境状况难以得到根本改善,由于能源和水资源紧缺,下世纪初环境保护将承受巨大压力。根据数据分析,改善消费结构、推行清洁生产、推动经济国际化进程有利于降低对环境的压力 相似文献
205.
城市水资源系统综合评价指标体系初探 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
基于中国城市缺水的历史和现状,运用系统研究的方法,对影响城市水资源系统的自然禀赋、供水能力、用水效率和排放处理等子系统因素进行了综合分析,建立了包括目标层、准则层、指标层和方案层4个层次的城市水资源系统综合指标体系,并对评价程序和方法进行了理论分析,最后就目标层和准则层的可能评价结果建立了多维城市水资源综合评语集,对城市缺水类型进行分析,并可据此提出相应对策。 相似文献
206.
This paper deals with effects of airborne fluorine on the army worm, Mythimna separata (Walker), by rearing the larvae on the wheat foliage exposed to HF or fumigating the larvae on the artificial diet with the pollutant. Larval relative growth rate (GR) and index of population trend of the insect reduced by 5% and 11%, respectively, when the larvae were reared on the foliage taken from the wheat plants exposed to 0.87 g·dm-2·day-1 of fluorine compared with those of the control. An extra instar appeared in a majority of the larvae treated. Survival rate and GR of the larvae on the wheat plant being exposure to the same concentration of fluorine in field open-top fumigation device were 40% and 15% lower than that of the control, respectively. Similar experiment with the insect on the artificial diet also showed that direct impact of the pollutant on the army worm was greater than its indirect effect via their host plant. 相似文献
207.
合肥台CTS-1分析系统网络组建 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文阐述了利用UNIX和WIN98/2000互联的局域网技术,对CTS-1系统进行优化配置,组建CTS-1网络分析系统,实现CTS-1系统数据共享,提高地震分析的效率,确保数据备份。利用代理软件用一个MODEM让各个子机同时上网,同时充分利用台站现有的计算机设备,最大限度的实现地震监控、速报、分析以及地震研究的同时开展。 相似文献
208.
农林生物质在含铬废水处理中的应用 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
农林生物质作为低成本吸附剂在环境污染治理中日益受到重视。综述了农林生物质在含铬废水处理中的应用研究进展,分析了生物质处理含铬废水的机理、影响因素,指出了生物质法处理含铬废水的发展方向。 相似文献
209.
Yang Y Tao S Wong PK Hu JY Guo M Cao HY Coveney RM Zuo Q Li BG Liu WX Cao J Xu FL 《Chemosphere》2005,60(6):753-761
The dynamic exposures to HCHs of individuals born between the years 1913 and 1993 in Tianjin have been simulated by connecting a fugacity model (IV) with a multimedia exposure model. Ingestion is the most important pathway for human beings to take up HCHs, and concentrations in the human body correlate with body weight changes. Accumulations of HCHs were derived assuming that the degradation in human body behaved linearly. The health risk of exposure to HCHs was measured using cancer risk and loss of life expectancy (LLE), and LLE was modified from its original definition to incorporate a dynamic calculation that takes variances in exposure into account. Monte-Carlo simulations were run to analyze the uncertainties of the model. 相似文献
210.