滤速对慢滤池深度处理生活污水的影响

为进一步提高再生水水质,将慢滤池用于污水二级处理出水的进一步处理。选取浊度、COD、色度和细菌总数4个指标,利用实验室小试装置,研究了0.1、0.3、0.5m/h这3种滤速下慢滤池的性能。结果表明,滤速由0.1m/h升高至0.3m/h时,慢滤池出水水质略有下降。而滤速由0.3m/h升高至0.5m/h时,慢滤池出水水质下降显著。滤速小于等于0.3m/h时,慢滤出水浊度、COD、色度和细菌总数平均为0.4NTU、25.9mg/L、14.9°、5×10^3CFU/mL。慢滤对这4个指标的平均去除率分别为78.6%、36.0%、34.0%、62.3%。为获得优良的水质,建议慢滤池用于污水深度处理时,滤速宜小于0.3m/h。但实际工程中,用户对再生水水质要求不高时,则可适当增大慢滤池滤速。     

重庆市男性PAHs和PAEs暴露与男性精液质量的相关性分析

多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs)和邻苯二甲酸酯(phthalate esters,PAEs)是三峡库区水中主要有机污染物。为探讨这2类化学物对三峡库区男性精液质量的影响,课题组于2007年在三峡库区6个区县进行了男性生殖健康的流行病学调查。调查中共收集到有效样本1 346例,对所有样本进行了精液常规检测,选取了冬季采样的232例标本进行了尿液中4种PAHs代谢产物和5种PAEs代谢产物含量的检测,并对这些样本的精子细胞凋亡(Annexin V/PI双标法)和精子脱氧核醣核酸(DNA)损伤(彗星电泳法)进行了检测。运用Spearman等级相关,多元线性回归和logisitic回归分析等方法分析了PAHs和PAEs代谢产物与精液常规指标、精子细胞凋亡、精子DNA损伤的相关关系。结果显示,1 346名三峡库区健康男性精液常规5项指标全部达到世界卫生组织(WHO)标准的比率仅为38.9%。PAHs代谢产物的含量与男性精液常规指标间未发现相关关系,但某些PAHs代谢产物水平与精子凋亡参数及精子DNA损伤指标有一定的关联性,随着尿中PAHs代谢产物浓度的增加,正常未发生凋亡的精子减少,精子DNA的损伤增加。未发现PAEs代谢产物与精液各项参数间的相关关系。本研究结果表明,在重庆市健康育龄男性中PAHs与PAEs的暴露与精液常规指标间没有明确的相关关系,但PAHs暴露与精子DNA损伤显著相关。为明确PAHs的暴露对精子DNA的损伤作用,有必要进行较大规模的队列研究以进行验证。     

生活垃圾预处理后续堆肥化通风方式优化研究

以宜昌市垃圾综合处理场预处理后的筛下物为研究对象,研究了不同通风方式对后续堆肥化效果的影响。对堆体温度、pH、堆高、耗氧速率、腐熟度等指标的监测结果表明,通风方式为"每半小时通风8 min,每天开风机8 h。温度降低到35℃时,停止通风"时,后续堆肥化效果最好。     

Fe-pillared bentonite,a stable Fenton catalyst for treatment of petroleum refinery wastewater

Fe-pillared bentonite (Fe-Bent) was prepared by ion exchange as heterogeneous catalyst for degradation of organic contaminants in petroleum refinery wastewater. X-ray diffraction analysis showed the existence of α-Fe₂O₃. The effects of pH, H₂O₂ concentration, and catalyst dosage on the rate of lowering the chemical oxygen demand (COD) were investigated in detail. Removal efficiency of COD can be up to 92% under the following conditions: dosage of Fe-Bent 7 g L^?1, pH value 3, and H₂O₂ concentration 10 mmol L^?1. Fe-Bent showed good stability for the degradation of organics in petroleum refinery wastewater for five cycles. The adsorption of organics in wastewater onto Fe-Bent could be well described by a pseudo-second-order kinetic model.     

移动床生物膜反应器处理生活污水的研究

通过小试规模的移动床生物膜反应器(MBBR)处理陕西科技大学污水处理厂生活污水的实验研究,探讨了水力停留时间、冲击负荷、pH对反应器处理效果的影响。实验结果表明,在HRT为10 h,进水ρ(COD)为300 mg/L,ρ(NH3-N)为35 mg/L,填料体积填充率为35%,pH为7左右时,MBBR反应器对COD、TN的去除率分别为87.38%、68%。     

中国水泥企业能源消耗特征分析

基于我国2007年水泥熟料全口径4 305家企业的能源消耗数据,分析了我国熟料生产企业的能耗特征,结论是企业分散,生产规模小(15.12×104 t/a),单位熟料能耗高(0.14 tce/t)。通过聚类分析,将熟料企业分为4类,提出小型企业是我国节能降耗和淘汰、重组与整合的重点。如果到2020年,全部淘汰小型企业和中型企业,则可以比基准情景节能0.19亿t标煤。     

Mining disturbance effect and mining arrangements analysis of near-fault mining in high tectonic stress region

Dynamic disasters can be easily induced by mining disturbance in the tectonic stress concentration region near the fault. Based on the fault Coulomb failure stress criterion, a dynamic Coulomb failure stress increment model is established for quantitative assessment of mining disturbance effect. Furthermore, the disturbance effects of two possible working face arrangements near the same fault are compared by using the proposed dynamic Coulomb failure stress model and numerical method. The results show that Coulomb failure stress increment, as a comprehensive mechanical parameter, can well reflect the mining disturbance to the stress environment of fault. The disturbance effect on the fault in the case of the working face perpendicular to fault is much less than that of the working face parallel to fault, therefore the dynamic disaster risk induced by the former arrangement is much lower.     

难以忘怀的鱼水情

1976年7月28日凌晨,举世罕见的唐山大地震发生了。从此,每年到“7．28”这天,我都不由自主的想起那段难以忘怀的军民鱼水深情。     

Enhanced degradation of trichloroethylene using bentonite-supported nanoscale Fe/Ni and humic acids

Nanoscale zero-valent iron, named nano-Fe⁰, is a reagent used to degrade trichloroethylene in groundwater. However, the efficiency of nano-Fe⁰ is moderate due to issues of dispersion and reactivity. As an alternative we synthesized bentonite-supported nanoscale Fe/Ni bimetals, named bentonite-Fe/Ni, to test the degradation of trichloroethylene in the presence of Suwannee River humic acids, as a representative of natural organic matter. 0.1 mmol/L trichloroethylene was reacted with 0.5 g/L of nano-Fe⁰, bentonite-Fe, Fe/Ni, and bentonite-Fe/Ni nanoparticles. Results show first that without humic acids the reaction rate constants k _obs were 0.0036/h for nano-Fe⁰, 0.0101/h for bentonite-Fe, 0.0984/h for Fe/Ni, and 0.181/h for bentonite-Fe/Ni. These findings show that bentonite-Fe/Ni is the most efficient reagent. Second, the addition of humic acids increased the rate constant from 0.178/h for 10 mg/L humic acids to 0.652/h for 40 mg/L humic acids, using the bentonite-Fe/Ni catalyst. This finding is explained by accelerated dechlorination by faster electron transfer induced by humic quinone moieties. Indeed, the use of 9, 10-anthraquinone-2, 6-disulfonate as a humic analogue gave similar results.     

消防员地震救援防护头盔的研制

本文通过对消防员地震救援过程中防护头盔的功能分析,提出了救援头盔的设计思路和需要实现的技术指标,从而为研制地震救援用防护头盔提供依据。