乙苯—苯乙烯装置道化学火灾爆炸危险指数评价

应用道化学公司"火灾、爆炸危险指数评价法(道七版)"计算乙苯—苯乙烯装置的火灾、爆炸危险指数,结果表明通过补偿火灾、爆炸危险指数,操作单元危险等级和危险程度可以接受。     

CaO脱除高温热解医疗垃圾酸性尾气效率的多因素优化试验研究

针对医疗垃圾高温热解过程产生危害环境的含HCl酸性尾气,利用钙基吸收剂(CaO)进行吸收处理。为了测试CaO的吸收效率,自行搭建医疗垃圾高温热解酸性尾气吸收试验装置,利用正交设计试验方法随机将CaO布置层数A、HCl体积浓度B、反应温度C、CaO粒径D4个单因素进行组合,并计算各因素的极差值,极差计算结果显示各因素影响程度的大小顺序为ACBD;设计得到最佳正交试验组合为CaO布置层数4层、HCl体积浓度5%、反应温度500℃、CaO粒径5mm。试验结果表明:当高温蒸汽气化气成分CO_2体积分数为20%、水蒸气体积分数为40%~50%、HCl体积浓度为5%时,其脱氯率可达到98.5%以上,能够满足气化气净化需求。     

瓦斯发电站燃气内燃机烟气脱硝方案研究

自2011年国家将氮氧化物总量纳入总量控制指标范围以来,环保主管部门针对煤层气发电项目氮氧化物排放总量政策逐渐收紧,对迅速发展的瓦斯发电项目来说氮氧化物排放浓度和总量的控制得到越来越多的重视.结合近5年来山西省瓦斯发电站实际环评过程中遇到氮氧化物排放浓度控制的问题,针对燃气内燃机高温、低烟尘、低二氧化硫的烟气排放特点,选择四个脱硝工艺方案进行了探讨,对企业制定脱硝方案具有一定的参考价值.     

基于大数据分析的雾霾污染预测研究

对雾霾的监控预测已成为城市重点监测指标,传统雾霾监测方法使用的是高斯预测模型,在预测过程中会使用大量的参数以及逻辑关系,在大数据分析的趋势下已经不能承接海量相关大数据,针对上述问题,提出一种基于大数据分析的雾霾污染预测方法.建立数据K模型承接海量数据,对大数据特点趋势加以分析,使用组合算子对雾霾污染度预测,摒弃逻辑关系束缚以及大数据的驱使性,对特征数据进行类别掌控完成预测结果.通过对比实验的方式对提出的方法进行检验,实验结果表明:(1)基于大数据分析的雾霾污染预测方法能够在大数据环境下对雾霾污染度进行高精度预测;(2)与传统方法相比较能够承接大数据的变化;(3)摒弃逻辑关系的制约可以实现随时预测;(4)极大的缩减预测成本.     

纳米零价铁降解水中四氯化碳的试验研究

以四氯化碳为目标污染物,研究了不同因素对自制纳米零价铁降解水中四氯化碳的影响,并对反应产物及可能的反应路径进行了探讨.结果表明,自制纳米零价铁对四氯化碳有很好的降解效果.在pH=3和30℃的条件下,当初始四氯化碳浓度为2.0 mg·L~(-1),纳米零价铁浓度为1.0 g·L~(-1)时,去除率高达96.7%.纳米零价铁降解四氯化碳的酸碱适应范围较大(pH值3~9).随着温度升高和纳米零价铁投加量的增大,四氯化碳降解率显著提高.该反应符合一级动力学,且反应活化能较低,反应易于进行.     

钱塘江感潮河段污染物迁移扩散数值分析

感潮河流由于受到潮汐的作用,污染物会因潮汐的涨落作用沿河道往复运动,影响用水安全.以高锰酸盐指数作为主要水环境指标,分析了钱塘江感潮河段上游富阳水文站监测到的持续高锰酸盐污染物输入情况下对下游河段的影响,旨在得到不同水期情况下之江站污染物出现的时间,作为取水安全预警指标参考.同时,基于潮流连续性方程、动量方程和污染物扩散方程,模拟计算了9种流况下污染物的迁移扩散过程.结果显示,径流处于平水月份时,之江站最早受到上游污染物影响,其次是枯季,最后是洪季,说明径流作用有利于污染物向下游迁移扩散.在大潮作用下,之江站一般最晚受到上游污染物影响,中潮次之,最早受到影响的是在小潮情况下.说明在感潮河段,由于受到下游潮流的影响,对污染物往下迁移有一个阻滞作用,且潮流越强阻滞作用越明显.本文构建的潮流水质模型可作为污染物在感潮河段迁移扩散机理研究的模型基础,对于制定降低污染物迁移扩散对地表水环境质量影响措施具有现实意义.     

新型消防员隔热防护服外层面料结构及加工

本文描述了一种新型消防员隔热防护服的外层面料。面料的结构由铝箔、聚酯膜和基布组成。通过对铝箔复合、涂胶等加工方法的摸索试验,试制了新型消防员隔热防护服的外层面料。     

镧、铈、钕对小鼠肝细胞核的氧化损伤作用

轻稀土元素进入生物体后主要累积于肝脏,进入肝细胞,分布于细胞核上.为探讨轻稀土元素对小鼠肝细胞核的氧化损伤作用,选用5周龄雄性封闭群(ICR)小鼠灌喂10、20和40 mg·kg-1的稀土元素镧(La)、铈(Ce)和钕(Nd),6周后测定小鼠肝细胞核中超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(...     

Accumulation and remobilization of metals in superficial sediments in Tianjin, China

The concentrations of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb in superficial sediment samples collected from three representative sites (Yuqiao Reservoir, Haihe River, and Haihe River Estuary) in Tianjin, North China, were analyzed using various single extraction and sequential extraction procedures to determine their remobilization, extractability, and distribution patterns. Sediments from the Haihe River had higher metal concentrations and geo-accumulation indices, especially for Cd and Zn, than sediments from the other two sites, suggesting that the Haihe River has been heavily influenced by anthropogenic activities. In addition, over 31% and 28.2% of the total Cd in the Haihe River and the Yuqiao Reservoir, respectively, and 18.2% of the total Zn in the Haihe River were found to be associated with the exchangeable form, indicating the significant remobilization of Cd and Zn when compared with Cr and Ni. However, over 98% of the Ni and 78% of the Cr were most closely associated with the residue and oxidizable fractions, which resulted in their becoming environmentally immobile. Based on the Environmental Protection Agency method 3050B, Cd and Zn had the greatest extraction efficiency when a single extraction procedure using 0.5-mol L^???1 HCl, 0.43-mol L^???1 HAcO, and 0.05-mol L^???1 ethylene-diamine-tetra-acetic acid was conducted, with extraction yields of up to 72%, 68%, and 56% for Cd and 50%, 49%, and 29% for Zn, respectively, being obtained for the Haihe River sediments. This was followed by the yields of Cu and Pb and, finally, those of unpolluted metals such as Cr and Ni. HCl and acetic acid extraction provided equivalent information for predicting Cd and Zn mobility in the sediments studied and produced suitable results for quick screening.     

Distribution and ecotoxicological significance of trace element contamination in a ~150 yr record of sediments in Lake Chaohu, Eastern China

This paper presents the concentrations, vertical profiles and possible sources of selected major and trace elements in a sediment core covering ～150 years of sedimentation in Lake Chaohu, eastern China. Element concentrations were measured by portable X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (XRF) and were used to evaluate possible environmental consequences of the recent industrialization in China. Statistical analyses identify four groups: (1) organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen (TN), Pb, Zn, and As associated with the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides; (2) Mn, Cr, Ni and Cu from industrial and mining activities; (3) Fe, Rb, K, Co, Ti and Ca influenced by post-depositional processes and land exploitation; and (4) Zr and Sr from the soil. The vertical profiles of elements placed in the first two groups show distinct increases in concentrations above depths of 20 cm (~1978), coincident with the timing of industrialization in China, and the anthropogenic-derived fluxes are higher than the lithogenic-derived fluxes over the last three decades. With the exception of Zr and Sr, association of the measured metals with organic carbon and nitrogen suggests that organic matter may act as a carrier phase. The geoaccumulation index (I(geo)) reveals increased contamination from elements in the first two groups in recent years. Element concentrations, compared with the Effects Range-Low (ERL) and Effects Range-Median (ERM) levels set by NOAA, suggest that adverse biological effects from Ni contamination are very likely.