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排序方式: 共有292条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
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Alessandra P. Vargas Diego Alves Caroline Wagner Thais Posser Robson Luiz Puntel 《Chemistry and Ecology》2013,29(4):355-364
Heavy metal contamination of the environment is a public health problem and research to develop new tools for monitoring the environmental impact of these elements is necessary. This study describes the preparation of a rhodamine-based probe 1 and its potential applications for detecting mercuric ion [Hg(II)] in samples from a nutrition media containing Salvinia auriculata. It was observed that an excess of probe 1 led to quenching in the fluorescence/absorption response, which was evidenced by a decrease in the signal when the stoichiometry differed from 1:1. Consequently, this probe is not suitable for quantitative analysis of Hg(II). Also, probe 1 reacts with methylmercury (MeHg) with different stoichiometry than that observed for Hg(II). These results indicate the potential application of probe 1 for qualitative detection of Hg(II) and MeHg in environmental samples. 相似文献
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Carine Julcour Lebigue Caroline Andriantsiferana Catherine Ayral Elham Mohamed Anne-Marie Wilhelm Henri Delmas Laurence Le Coq Claire Gerente Karl M. Smith Suangusa Pullket Geoffrey D. Fowler Nigel J.D. Graham 《Journal of environmental management》2010,91(12):2432-2439
This paper describes a preliminary evaluation of the performance of carbonaceous materials prepared from sewage sludges (SBCMs) in a hybrid water treatment process based on adsorption and catalytic wet air oxidation; phenol was used as the model pollutant. Three different sewage sludges were treated by either carbonisation or steam activation, and the physico-chemical properties of the resultant carbonaceous materials (e.g. hardness, BET surface area, ash and elemental content, surface chemistry) were evaluated and compared with a commercial reference activated carbon (PICA F22). The adsorption capacity for phenol of the SBCMs was greater than suggested by their BET surface area, but less than F22; a steam activated, dewatered raw sludge (SA_DRAW) had the greatest adsorption capacity of the SBCMs in the investigated range of concentrations (<0.05 mol L?1). In batch oxidation tests, the SBCMs demonstrated catalytic behaviour arising from their substrate adsorptivity and metal content. Recycling of SA_DRAW in successive oxidations led to significant structural attrition and a hardened SA_DRAW was evaluated, but found to be unsatisfactory during the oxidation step. In a combined adsorption–oxidation sequence, both the PICA carbon and a selected SBCM showed deterioration in phenol adsorption after oxidative regeneration, but a steady state performance was reached after 2 or 3 cycles. 相似文献
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Pesticide Risk Indicators: Unidentified Inert Ingredients Compromise Their Integrity and Utility 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Pesticide Risk Indicators (PRIs) are widely used to evaluate and compare the potential health and environmental risks of pesticide
use and to guide pest control policies and practices. They are applied to agricultural, landscape and structural pest management
by governmental agencies, private institutions and individuals. PRIs typically assess only the potential risks associated
with the active ingredients because, with few exceptions, pesticide manufacturers disclose only the identity of the active
ingredients which generally comprise only a minor portion of pesticide products. We show that when inert ingredients are identified
and assessed by the same process as the active ingredient, the product specific risk can be much greater than that calculated
for the active ingredient alone. To maintain transparency in risk assessment, all those who develop and apply PRIs or make
decisions based on their output, should clearly disclose and discuss the limitations of the method. 相似文献
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Caroline Moussy Ian J. Burfield P. J. Stephenson Arabella F. E. Newton Stuart H. M. Butchart William J. Sutherland Richard D. Gregory Louise McRae Philip Bubb Ignacio Roesler Cynthia Ursino Yanqing Wu Ernst F. Retief Jihad S. Udin Ruslan Urazaliyev Lina M. Sánchez-Clavijo Eric Lartey Paul F. Donald 《Conservation biology》2022,36(1):e13721
Species monitoring, defined here as the repeated, systematic collection of data to detect long-term changes in the populations of wild species, is a vital component of conservation practice and policy. We created a database of nearly 1200 schemes, ranging in start date from 1800 to 2018, to review spatial, temporal, taxonomic, and methodological patterns in global species monitoring. We identified monitoring schemes through standardized web searches, an online survey of stakeholders, in-depth national searches in a sample of countries, and a review of global biodiversity databases. We estimated the total global number of monitoring schemes operating at 3300–15,000. Since 2000, there has been a sharp increase in the number of new schemes being initiated in lower- and middle-income countries and in megadiverse countries, but a decrease in high-income countries. The total number of monitoring schemes in a country and its per capita gross domestic product were strongly, positively correlated. Schemes that were active in 2018 had been running for an average of 21 years in high-income countries, compared with 13 years in middle-income countries and 10 years in low-income countries. In high-income countries, over one-half of monitoring schemes received government funding, but this was less than one-quarter in low-income countries. Data collection was undertaken partly or wholly by volunteers in 37% of schemes, and such schemes covered significantly more sites and species than those undertaken by professionals alone. Birds were by far the most widely monitored taxonomic group, accounting for around half of all schemes, but this bias declined over time. Monitoring in most taxonomic groups remains sparse and uncoordinated, and most of the data generated are elusive and unlikely to feed into wider biodiversity conservation processes. These shortcomings could be addressed by, for example, creating an open global meta-database of biodiversity monitoring schemes and enhancing capacity for species monitoring in countries with high biodiversity. Article impact statement: Species population monitoring for conservation purposes remains strongly biased toward a few vertebrate taxa in wealthier countries. 相似文献
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Zalko D Prouillac C Riu A Perdu E Dolo L Jouanin I Canlet C Debrauwer L Cravedi JP 《Chemosphere》2006,64(2):318-327
The comparative in vitro metabolism of the flame retardant tetrabromo-bisphenol A was studied in rat and human using a [(14)C]-radio-labelled molecule. Tetrabromo-bisphenol A is metabolised into the corresponding glucuronide (liver S9 fractions) and several other metabolites produced by cytochrome P450 dependent pathways (liver microsomes and liver S9 fractions). No major qualitative differences were observed between rat and human, regardless of the selected concentration, within the 20-200 microM range. Tetrabromo-bisphenol A undergoes an oxidative cleavage near the central carbon of the molecule, that leads to the production of hydroxylated dibromo-phenol, hydroxylated dibromo-isopropyl-phenol and glutathione conjugated dibromo-isopropyl-phenol. The main metabolites of tetrabromo-bisphenol A are two molecules of lower polarity than the parent compound, characterised as a hexa-brominated compound with three aromatic rings and a hepta-brominated dimer-like compound, respectively. Both structures, as well as the lower molecular weight metabolites resulting from the breakdown of the molecule, suggest the occurrence of chemically reactive intermediates formed following a first step oxidation of tetrabromo-bisphenol A. 相似文献