Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in background surface soils from the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), China: occurrence,sources, and inventory

Purposes  

Very few data for polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were available in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), one of the most developed and urbanized region in China. In this study, Chongming Island, located at the estuary of the Yangtze River, was selected as background area to investigate the occurrence, sources, and inventory of PBDEs.     

Application of polyacrylamide to reduce phosphorus losses from a Chinese purple soil: A laboratory and field investigation

Use of anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) to control phosphorus (P) losses from a Chinese purple soil was studied in both a laboratory soil column experiment and a field plot experiment on a steep slope (27%). Treatments in the column study were a control, and PAM mixed uniformly into the soil at rates of 0.02, 0.05, 0.08, 0.10, and 0.20%. We found that PAM had an important inhibitory effect on vertical P transport in the soil columns, with the 0.20% PAM treatment having the greatest significant reduction in leachate soluble P concentrations and losses resulting from nine leaching periods. Field experiments were conducted on 5 m wide by 21 m long natural rainfall plots, that allowed collection of both surface runoff and subsurface drainage water. Wheat was planted and grown on all plots with typical fertilizer applied. Treatments included a control, dry PAM at 3.9 kg ha^?1, dry PAM at 3.9 kg ha^?1 applied together with lime (CaCO₃ at 4.9 t ha^?1), and dry PAM at 3.9 kg ha^?1 applied together with gypsum (CaSO₄·2H₂O at 4 t ha^?1). Results from the field plot experiment in which 5 rainfall events resulted in measurable runoff and leachate showed that all PAM treatments significantly reduced runoff volume and total P losses in surface runoff compared to the control. The PAM treatments also all significantly reduced water volume leached to the tile drain. However, total P losses in the leachate water were not significantly different due to the treatments, perhaps due to the low PAM soil surface application rate and/or high experimental variability. The PAM alone treatment resulted in the greatest wheat growth as indicated by the plant growth indexes of wheat plant height, leaf length, leaf width, grain number per head, and dried grain mass. Growth indexes of the PAM with Calcium treatments were significantly lesser. These results indicate that the selection and use of soil amendments need to be carefully determined based upon the most important management goal at a particular site (runoff/nutrient loss control, enhanced plant growth, or a combination).     

基于IMU智能安全帽姿态估计

提出一种基于9轴IMU的智能安全帽姿态估计算法,实现智能安全帽实时姿态估计。通过对IMU采集到的物体加速度和物体所在地磁感应强度数据进行分解,得到物体静态四元数数据;然后根据物体角速度数据和四元数的微分关系对动态四元数进行估计,实现物体的姿态估计。同时,文中提出修正转轴补偿的方法,解决由于物体俯仰角为±π/2时分解四元数计算横滚角时出现的奇异值问题。实验结果显示,文中算法可以实现智能安全帽的姿态估计,在估算精度和实现性上均有良好表现。     

Phenanthrene adsorption on soils from the Yangtze River Delta region under different pH and temperature conditions

Environmental Geochemistry and Health - The phenanthrene (PHE) adsorption on soils from the Yangtze River Delta region under different pH and temperature conditions was studied in the laboratory....     

国际洪灾风险感知研究的文献计量分析

以Web of science核心数据库中收录主题为"flood perception"的文献为基础,利用可视化软件Cite Space,采取文献共被引分析、关键词共现分析、突现词分析等方法对国际洪灾风险感知研究现状进行系统分析。研究发现,洪灾风险感知研究文献数量呈逐年上升趋势,主要分布在水资源、环境及生态等自然科学领域;美国、英国、荷兰、澳大利亚、德国等5国及阿姆斯特丹自由大学、特温特大学、南安普顿大学、昆士兰大学、根特大学等研究机构表现出较强的研究实力;Slovic P、Grothmann T、Siegrist M等学者及其代表作品对洪灾风险感知理论知识基础的构建及相关研究的推进奠定了坚实的基础。     

Place attachment and youth entrepreneurship community participation in Guangfu Village,Taichung, Taiwan

Environment, Development and Sustainability - Amid the global dilemma of youth unemployment, youth entrepreneurship has had an important impact on social, cultural and economic progress, and...     

基于电磁感应和位移传感原理的电梯门锁啮合长度检测研究

电梯门锁锁紧元件啮合状态可靠性是确保电梯门系统安全运行的重要保障。针对现有电梯门锁啮合长度检验方法存在的测量精度不足、自动化程度低、通用性不强等问题,提出了一种基于传感器的检测方法。分析了电磁感应开关通断检测原理和接触式位移传感工作原理,在此基础上开发了门锁啮合长度检測装置,并介绍了使用该装置的检验步骤。实测结果表明:该检验方法和检验装置可以实现门锁啮合长度的快速准确检验,数据可重复性高。     

封存过程中CO2流体与煤中矿物作用关系研究进展

利用深部煤层封存二氧化碳(CO2),既能减排主要人为温室气体CO2,又能同步开采煤层气(主要成分为甲烷,即CH4)。在适宜CO2封存的含煤储层条件下,CO2属于超临界流体,其易与煤中部分无机矿物发生作用,进而改变煤的理化性质,最终影响煤层的CO2封存效果。为此,归纳了煤中易与CO2发生作用的矿物分布特征,分析了CO2与矿物间的作用规律及其对煤理化性质的影响,并指出了后续研究方向。结果表明,煤中易与CO2流体发生作用的无机矿物主要包括碳酸盐矿物和黏土矿物。上述矿物的分布与煤变质程度和沉积环境有关。在封存过程中,超临界CO2流体与煤中矿物间的作用会改变煤体孔隙结构、煤的CO2吸附能力和含煤储层渗透率。针对CO2与煤中矿物的作用关系,后续需开展以下研究:CO2流体与煤中矿物之间的微观作用机理;CO2流体与煤层顶底板中主要无机矿物的作用规律;实际储层条件(温度、压力和地应力等)对CO2与矿物之间作用关系的影响;CO2与矿物之间的相互作用对同步采收CH4的影响。     

生活垃圾焚烧厂废气治理措施

结合国内某生活垃圾焚烧厂烟气治理流程,介绍了烟气中污染物产生的机理及污染物的处理措施,并对不同工艺的处理效率进行了分析比较.     

基坑开挖与邻近地铁结构变形相关性的实测分析∗

探究开挖卸载下基坑与近邻"上浮型"地铁结构的变形机制,以天津某邻近既有地铁的基坑开挖为例,通过实测手段分析基坑多期开挖条件下既有地铁结构的变形特点。基于基坑围护结构竖向变形,考虑基坑与地铁的水平相对位置L和开挖时间t,定义表示基坑围护结构竖向变形与地铁结构竖向变形相互关系的关联系数R,并对邻近地铁结构的竖向变形进行拟合与预测。探究三维空间下基坑与地铁水平变形的关系。研究结果表明:地铁结构整体表现为上浮,开挖期间累计竖向位移与累计水平位移的比值在0.5～1.5变化;基坑围护结构竖向位移乘以系数1000R/L可很好地拟合邻近地铁的竖向位移,关联系数R在基坑开挖过程中变化不大;三维空间下地铁结构纵向水平变形呈正态分布,与近地铁侧基坑围护结构同深度处的水平变形趋势一致。