人因评价的定量化研究

人因评价是安全评价中的重要组成部分，在结合层次分析法和综合加权法的基础上，建立了人因评价的量化模型。     

原油储罐呼吸损耗测试中的问题探讨

影响原油储罐呼吸损耗的因素有原油蒸汽压、油罐结构、周转量、周转时间、罐内空间高度（生产上称空高）和温差等,通过对行业标准SY5267-91《油田原油损耗测试方法》的实际运用,分析了影响测试准确度的因素,提出了改进方法。     

乌鲁木齐市水磨沟区生态环境现状及对策

乌鲁木齐市水磨沟区主要生态环境问题是：水资源不足,利用率低下;环境污染严重;土地利用率低,利用结构不合理;采矿区、塌陷区面积大,临近市区;工业布局、结构不合理;多数企业技术水平不高,环境代价高。按照国家环保总局建设生态示范区的要求提出了改善其生态环境的对策为：划分生态功能区域;加强水资源利用技术研究与应用;调整产品的结构;提高技术含量、改造污染行业;塌陷区回填复垦;污染控制和废水资源化;水土保持。     

EDTA and HEDTA effects on Cd, Cr, and Ni uptake by Helianthus annuus

Phytoremediation has shown great potential as an alternative treatment for the remediation of heavy-metal-contaminated soils and groundwater. However, the lack of a clear understanding pertaining to metal uptake/translocation mechanisms, enhancement amendments, and external effects on phytoremediation has hindered its full-scale application. The objective of this research was to investigate the ability of synthetic chelators for enhancing the phytoremediation of cadmium-, chromium- and nickel-contaminated soil. Ethylenediaminetriacetic acid (EDTA) and N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-ethylenediaminetriacetic acid (HEDTA) were applied to the soil at various dosages to elevate metal mobility. Uptake into and translocation within Helianthus annuus was determined. It was found that EDTA at a rate of 0.5 g/kg significantly increased the shoot concentrations of Cd and Ni from 34 and 15 to 115 and 117 mg/kg, respectively. The total removal efficiency for EDTA was 59 microg/plant. HEDTA at the same application rate resulted in a total metal uptake of 42 microg/plant. These research demonstrated that chelator enhancement is plant- and metal-specific and is subjective to inhibition when multiple heavy metals are present. Results also showed that chelator toxicity reduced the plant's biomass, thereby decreasing the amount of metal accumulation.     

Influence of the DMPP (3,4-dimethyl pyrazole phosphate) on nitrogen transformation and leaching in multi-layer soil columns

The application of nitrogen fertilizers leads to various ecological problems such as nitrate leaching. The use of nitrification inhibitors as nitrate leaching retardants is a proposal that has been suggested for inclusion in regulations in many countries. In this study, using a multi-layer soil column device, the influence of new nitrification inhibitor DMPP (3,4-dimethyl pyrazole phosphate) was studied for understanding the nitrogen vertical transformation and lowering the nitrate leaching at different soil profile depths. The results indicated that, within 60 d of experiment, the regular urea added 1.0% DMPP can effectively inhibit the ammonium oxidation in the soil, and improve the ammonium concentration in soil solution over the 20cm depths of soil profile, while decline the concentrations of nitrate and nitrite. No obvious difference was found on ammonium concentrations in soil solution collected from deep profile under 20cm depths between regular urea and the urea added 1.0% DMPP. There was also no significant difference for the nitrate, ammonium and nitrite concentrations in the soil solution under 40cm depths of soil profile with the increasing nitrogen application level, among the treatments of urea added 1.0% DMPP within 60 d. It is proposed that DMPP could be used as an effective nitrification inhibitor in some region to control ammonium oxidation and decline the ion-nitrogen leaching, minimizing the shallow groundwater pollution risk and being beneficial for the ecological environment.     

模拟黑水的生物处理

针对以糖蜜配制的半人工黑水生物处理时除磷效率下降和污泥膨胀的现象,利用序批式反应器(SBR)进行了实验分析,比较了以蔗糖和糖蜜为主要碳源时除磷效果的差异,并探讨了污泥膨胀发生的原因。研究表明,以糖蜜为主要碳源配制模拟黑水时的除磷效果比蔗糖为碳源时差,主要是由于GAOs的竞争性代谢所致。以糖蜜为碳源的条件下,污泥的胞外聚合物含量是正常活性污泥的一倍以上,导致污泥沉降性能变差;糖蜜碳源时的夏季高温条件下丝状菌大量生长也是导致污泥膨胀的重要原因。     

微磁场条件下pH冲击对微氧活性污泥表面性质的影响

研究了微磁场条件下pH冲击对处理低负荷葡萄糖废水的微氧活性污泥表面性质的影响。在pH=6.0和9.0的条件下对添加磁粉和无磁粉反应器微氧活性污泥进行15 d的冲击,而后调整pH=7.5进行5 d的恢复实验。对pH冲击下污泥絮凝能力FA、疏水性RH和表面电荷SC的变化情况进行考察,结果表明,有磁粉反应器的各项指标均优于无磁粉反应器。经过5 d的恢复实验,添加磁粉反应器污泥的各指标均能恢复到接近初始值,而无磁粉反应器污泥难以恢复到接近初始值。     

锶—89在珍珠岩中吸附的研究

研究了不同粒径的珍珠岩对＾８９Ｓｒ的吸附。结果表明，珍珠岩对＾８９Ｓｒ具有较强的吸附能力，饱和吸附率大于９５％；通过振荡能加速珍珠岩对＾８９Ｓｒ的吸附；珍珠岩对＾８９Ｓｒ的吸附率与时间关系由多项指数描述；不同粒径的珍珠岩对＾８９Ｓｒ的吸附率没有明显差异。     

含锌多核聚铝絮凝剂的制备及形态特征

以AlCl3·6H2O和ZnCl2为原料,采用一次加碱法制备了一种新型的改性增效聚合铝类多核无机高分子絮凝剂聚合氯化铝锌(PAZC).通过Al-Ferron逐时络合比色法研究了碱化度(B),Al/Zn摩尔比及陈化时间对铝离子形态的影响.采用混凝实验比较PAZC、PAC的混凝效果.结果表明:在相同B值条件下,PAZC的Ala和Alc少于PAC的Ala和Alc,Alb形态多于PAC中Alb形态,并且PAC中Alb形态最高只有60%,而PAZC中Alb最高达到83%.PAZC具有pH适用范围宽,投药量少以及良好的储存性能.