南四湖沉积物中二噁英类化合物的分布

用1 3C同位素内标法 ,高分辨率气相色谱 高分辨率质谱对南四湖表层沉积物中 1 7种含 2 3 7 8 氯代二苯并二英 /呋喃 (PCDD/Fs)及 1 2种共平面多氯联苯 (Co PCBs)的含量、同系物异构体的分布特征、沉积通量、毒性当量及来源进行了初步分析 ,并与山东近海 (日照、烟台、青岛 )的测定结果进行比较 .总Co PCBs含量分别为 5 4 4pg·g- 1 dw (南阳湖 )和 41 4pg·g- 1 dw (微山湖 ) .总PCDD/Fs含量分别为 1 0 6 7pg·g- 1 dw (南阳湖 )和1 47 0pg·g- 1 dw (微山湖 ) .两湖含 2 3 7 8 PCDD/Fs异构体对总毒性当量浓度的贡献基本相同 ,即以四—五氯代异构体为主 .PCDD/Fs含量次序为青岛 >日照 >南四湖 >烟台 .南四湖、日照、烟台近海沉积物中的PCDD/Fs对总TEQ (PCDD/F TEQ PCB TEQ)的贡献为68 8%— 93 0 % .南四湖与山东近海沉积物中PCDDs/PCDFs比值和OCDD %∑百分比表明 ,山东省PCDD/Fs的来源较为一致 ,相对恒定 .除河口处外 ,大气沉降应是南四湖及山东近海PCDD/Fs的主要来源 .     

污灌湿地系统土壤-植物中铬的赋存形态研究

采取逐级提取法对江苏盐城某污水灌溉湿地土壤中的铬的赋存形态以及其上生长的丰要植物芦苇的不同组织部位中的总铬进行了分析测定，并研究其生物有效性。结果表明：与对照点相比，污灌土壤中铬质最分数明显升高而受到不同程度的污染，其赋存形态质量分数由高到低顺序为残渣态（RES-）→铁锰态（（OFeMn-））→碳酸态（CARB-）→有机态（OM-）和交换态（EX-）之和。芦苇不同组织部位中铬分布研究表明根部质量分数远大于茎和叶，说明根系吸收为主要作用，而后迁移至其它易积累部位。对各种形态的铬与植物中的铬总量之间的相关性进行了分析，相关系数表明，植物中的生物富集量与各种赋存形态都有一定的线性关系，其中强有机质结合态与生物富集量具有最好的线性相关性。     

量子点对秀丽隐杆线虫的毒性效应及其调控机制的研究进展

量子点(quantum dots,QD)作为一种纳米微晶体,由于其出色的光学特性,已经被广泛应用于电子、生物医学成像、生物传感器和药物递送中,因而量子点的生物安全性也变得至关重要.秀丽隐杆线虫作为一种简单的生物模型,生物学基础完善、生命周期短、繁殖量大、生活特征易获得,不仅可以提供全动物水平的生理相关数据,还允许在单细...     

陕西2012年极端天气气候事件与气象灾害

利用极端天气气候事件监测系统监测结果,分析了陕西1981-2012年极端天气气候事件出现次数和强度,发现2012年陕西极端天气气候事件次数少于多年平均值,但华阴7月2-4日、佳县7月24-28日极端降水事件强度之大,为历史罕见,佳县27日降水量、26-28日3d降水量均超过百年一遇的水平,造成严重人员伤亡和经济损失.说明即便是在极端天气气候事件出现次数少,气候年景较好的年份,局地也会出现历史罕见的极端事件和灾害.此外,还分析了极端天气气候事件次数与灾情年景评估指数之间的相关性.     

城镇圩区排涝模数计算方法及其与河道调蓄库容关系研究

农业圩区原有的排涝模数计算方法已不适用于城镇圩区.针对城镇圩区的排涝特殊性,通过分析排涝计算的原理,充分考虑圩区内河道的调蓄能力,得到适应城镇圩区排涝计算的方法.以南京市江宁区为例,对城镇圩区的排涝模数进行计算,得到排涝模数与调蓄库容之间的定量关系.     

地之不存人将焉附?

“土地是农民的命根子”，这话显然有失偏颇，应该说“土地是人类的命根子”。没有了土地，不光是农民，工人、商人、学生谁又能生活？恐怕世界万物生灵都无立足之地，难以生存。但是，一个严酷的事实摆在我们面前：土地污染日趋严重，已危及到生态、食物和人体健康。据国家环保总局统计，随着工业化、城市化、农业集约化的快速发展，大量未经处理的废物向土地系统转移，并在自然因素的作用下汇集、残留于土壤环境中，造成土壤污染。据估计，我国受农药、重金属污染的土地面积达上千万公顷。土地污染已经对我国生态环境质量、食物安全和社会经济可持续发展构成严重威胁。我国土地污染问题及形势不容乐观。     

山区农民泥石流灾害风险感知和可接受风险研究

基于泥石流灾害可接受风险调查问卷的分析,从泥石流灾害关注程度和类型、可接受性及灾害可接受风险3个方面阐述农民对泥石流灾害可接受风险的感知和态度。研究结果表明：(1)农民普遍关注泥石流灾害,主要关注的灾害后果是财产损失,财产损失中主要关注的是房屋;(2)农民对泥石流灾害可接受性分别是：距离为<5 km、频次为100年1次或更长时间1次、预警时间为<1 h和保险费用为<100元;(3)农民可接受的受灾人数、死亡人数、死亡比例、个人直接经济损失和总直接经济损失分别为≤100人、≤1人、≤5×10^-7/a、≤1 000元和≤10万元;(4)影响农民对泥石流灾害风险感知和风险态度以及可接受风险水平的主要人口特征是36～45岁、女性、受教育程度初中学历以及收入<1 000元/月的群体。     

Overestimated role of sulfate in haze formation over Chinese megacities due to improper simulation of heterogeneous reactions

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Heterogeneous reactions involving aerosol water, i.e., haze chemistry, are responsible for high aerosol concentrations observed during severe haze events in...     

Variation characteristics of atmospheric methane and carbon dioxide in summertime at a coastal site in the South China Sea

● Diurnal patterns of CH₄ and CO₂ are clearly extracted using EEMD. ● CH₄ and CO₂ show mid-morning high and evening low patterns during sea breezes. ● Wind direction significantly modulates the diurnal variations in CH₄ and CO₂. Methane (CH₄) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) are the two most important greenhouse gases (GHGs). To examine the variation characteristics of CH₄ and CO₂ in the coastal South China Sea, atmospheric CH₄ and CO₂ measurements were performed in Bohe (BH), Guangdong, China, in summer 2021. By using an adaptive data analysis method, the diurnal patterns of CH₄ and CO₂ were clearly extracted and analysed in relation to the sea breeze (SB) and land breeze (LB), respectively. The average concentrations of CH₄ and CO₂ were 1876.91 ± 31.13 ppb and 407.99 ± 4.24 ppm during SB, and 1988.12 ± 109.92 ppb and 421.54 ± 14.89 ppm during LB, respectively. The values of CH₄ and CO₂ during SB basically coincided with the values and trends of marine background sites, showing that the BH station could serve as an ideal site for background GHG monitoring and dynamic analysis. The extracted diurnal variations in CH₄ and CO₂ showed sunrise high and sunset low patterns (with peaks at 5:00–7:00) during LB but mid-morning high and evening low patterns (with peaks at 9:00) during SB. The diurnal amplitude changes in both CH₄ and CO₂ during LB were almost two to three times those during SB. Wind direction significantly modulated the diurnal variations in CH₄ and CO₂. The results in this study provide a new way to examine the variations in GHGs on different timescales and can also help us gain a better understanding of GHG sources and distributions in the South China Sea.     

The impact of different voltage application modes on biodegradation of chloramphenicol and shift of microbial community structure

● Presented coupled system enhanced biodegradation of antibiotic chloramphenicol. ● HRT and electrical stimulation modes were key influencing factors. ● Electrical stimulation had little effect on the chloramphenicol metabolic pathway. ● Microbial community structure varied with the voltage application mode. Exoelectrogenic biofilms have received considerable attention for their ability to enhance electron transfer between contaminants and electrodes in bioelectrochemical systems. In this study, we constructed anaerobic-aerobic-coupled upflow bioelectrochemical reactors (AO-UBERs) with different voltage application modes, voltages and hydraulic retention times (HRTs). In addition, we evaluated their capacity to remove chloramphenicol (CAP). AO-UBER can effectively mineralize CAP and its metabolites through electrical stimulation when an appropriate voltage is applied. The CAP removal efficiencies were ~81.1%±6.1% (intermittent voltage application mode) and 75.2%±4.6% (continuous voltage application mode) under 0.5 V supply voltage, which were ~21.5% and 15.6% greater than those in the control system without voltage applied, respectively. The removal efficiency is mainly attributed to the anaerobic chamber. High-throughput sequencing combined with catabolic pathway analysis indicated that electrical stimulation selectively enriched Megasphaera, Janthinobacterium, Pseudomonas, Emticicia, Zoogloea, Cloacibacterium and Cetobacterium, which are capable of denitrification, dechlorination and benzene ring cleavage, respectively. This study shows that under the intermittent voltage application mode, AO-UBERs are highly promising for treating antibiotic-contaminated wastewater.