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261.
Huy Lai Nguyen Oanh Nguyen Thi Kim Phuc Nguyen Hong Nhung Chu Phuong 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(9):10678-10695
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Local questionnaire surveys were conducted to collect representative activity data for calculation of annual emissions from residential combustion in... 相似文献
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Tetraclita japonica and T. formosana are common intertidal barnacles with similar morphology, which leads to uncertainty in their species status. In the present
study, we try to elucidate the taxonomic status of the two taxa using morphology and mitochondrial control region and cytochrome
c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences of the barnacles in their distribution range. The two taxa were found to be morphologically
similar; a diagnostic difference between them was only observed in the colour of the parietes and opercular plates. Little
genetic differentiation was detected in the control region and COI (ΦCT < 0.025 for both markers) between two taxa, but differentiation was found between the southern (Taiwan and Hong Kong) and
northern (Japan) populations of T. japonica/T. formosana, which might be the result of isolation by distance and upwelling in summer. Our data suggest that the two presently recognized
species probably represent two colour morphotypes of the same species exhibiting different geographical distribution. T. japonica is abundant in Japan and southeast coast of China, whereas T. formosana is only abundant in Taiwan. The heterogeneous environment might exert a divergent selection pressure leading to asymmetric
distribution of the two colour morphotypes. The different colours might be a result of either phenotypic plasticity adaptive
to environmental variables or genetic hitchhiking of local adaptive genotypes.
Electronic supplementary material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at and is accessible for authorized users. 相似文献
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The shortage of waste landfill space for waste disposal and the high demand for fill materials for land reclamation projects in Singapore have prompted a study on the feasibility of using spent copper slag as fill material in land reclamation. The physical and geotechnical properties of the spent copper slag were first assessed by laboratory tests, including hydraulic conductivity and shear strength tests. The physical and geotechnical properties were compared with those of conventional fill materials such as sands. The potential environmental impacts associated with the use of the spent copper slag for land reclamation were also evaluated by conducting laboratory tests including pH and Eh measurements, batch-leaching tests, acid neutralization capacity determination, and monitoring of long-term dissolution of the material. The spent copper slag was slightly alkaline, with pH 8.4 at a solid : water ratio of 1 : 1. The batch-leaching test results show that the concentrations of the regulated heavy metals leached from the material at pH 5.0 were significantly lower than the maximum concentrations for their toxicity limits referred by US EPA's Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP). It was also found that the material is unlikely to cause significant change in the redox condition of the subsurface environment over a long-term period. In terms of physical and geotechnical properties, the spent copper slag is a good fill material. In general, the spent copper slag is suitable to be used as a fill material for land reclamation. 相似文献
267.
Quantum yield study of the photodegradation of hydrophobic dyes in the presence of acetone sensitizer. 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The photodegradation of hydrophobic disperse dyes with different chromophores in the presence of acetone (ACE) was investigated. In this study, the photodecay of dyes was carried out in the Rayonet RPR-200 merry-go-round photoreactor, with 253.7 nm monochromatic ultraviolet (UV) lamps. A typical azo disperse dye (CI disperse yellow 7--DY7) and an anthraquinone disperse dye (CI disperse orange--DO11) were used as the probe compounds. The results demonstrate that the addition of acetone increases the solubility of hydrophobic disperse dyes and enhances the photosensitization reaction simultaneously. More than ten times of quantum yield enhancement is observed in the presence of ACE photosensitizer than in water alone. The photodegradation of DY7 and DO11 is dominated by photoreduction, which follows pseudo first-order decay, and the rate constants strongly depend on the solvent system (i.e., ACE/H2O ratios) and the initial pH levels. The decay quantum yields of dyes are normally observed with the increase of the ACE/H2O ratio. The optimum quantum yields of DY7 and DO11 were determined at 0.5 (v/v) and 0.25 (v/v), respectively, in alkaline conditions. A further increase in the ACE/H2O ratio reduces the quantum yields, possibly due to light attenuation by excess acetone. 相似文献
268.
为研究南京夏季大气复合污染的特征,2016年8月15日~9月15日期间开展了强化观测实验,本文利用仙林、鼓楼80m楼顶2个站点的强化观测资料,结合草场门常规监测资料,统计分析了南京不同地区夏季O3和颗粒物(PM2.5、PM10)的浓度特征和相关性,以及郊区水溶性离子与其气态前体物的转化率变化特征.研究表明:3个站点O3平均小时浓度为100.3μg/m3.PM2.5和PM10浓度分别为41.1和67.8μg/m3,郊区夜间存在颗粒物浓度高值.SO42-、NO3-、NH4+浓度总和占PM2.5浓度的比值达到61%,OC(有机碳)/EC(元素碳)比值范围为0.8~4.0,日均值超过2.0的天数占77%,城、郊均存在二次污染.白天O3与颗粒物(PM2.5)浓度呈显著正相关变化,硫转化率(SOR)、氮转化率(NOR)分别与O3浓度、湿度显著正相关.HONO主要在夜间积累,HCl和HNO3浓度峰值出现在下午.与其它无机盐相比,NH4+在总氨中所占比例明显偏低,大气中的氨主要以气态NH3存在.观测期间O3污染较重,O3与颗粒物的正相关关系显著,化学反应在颗粒物积累过程中具有重要贡献,此外还可能存在城区向郊区的污染输送. 相似文献
269.
Yiqun Cao Qingxin Ma Biwu Chu Hong He 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2023,17(4):48
270.
化学物质水体归趋与影响 (简称CAFE)数据库是一个允许快速并无限制访问数据的集中式数据库。CAFE将现有的32 377种化学物质的归趋数据和4 498种化学物质的毒性效果数据整合至用户友好的工具中,以物种敏感度分布(SSD)的形式总结毒性数据,并提供了相关的1%和5%危害浓度(HC1和HC5)。为探究CAFE数据与报道的化学事故之间的联系,一项数据可用性评估显示,2000年至2014年间在美国国家应急中心呈报的55种化学物质中,32种物质的归趋和20种物质的毒性在CAFE中均有记录;2003年至2014年间由美国海洋及大气管理局呈报的205种化学物质中,86种物质的归趋和103种物质的毒性在CAFE中也均有记录。我们假设2种化学物质在环境中溢出(丙烯腈,溢出量为625桶 ;变性乙醇,溢出量为857桶),根据模型对其环境浓度进行模拟,进而说明CAFE在实际中的应用。在24 h时程的SSD中,大多数物种很可能分别在溢出后最初的35 min内和15 h内受到丙烯腈和变性酒精的影响。丙烯腈浓度在溢出后45 min已低于HC5(17 mg?LL-1),变性酒精浓度在溢出后60 h已低于HC5(2 676 mg?LL-1)。将100种化学物质以CAFE数据为基础得出的HC5与发表的HC5进行对比,我们发现超过一半的数值都在2倍差异以内,较少的一部分数值则超过了10倍差异。CAFE的发展提高了获取相关环境信息的能力,并可能应用于水体环境污染物溢出分析之外的更多领域。
精选自Adriana C. Bejarano, James K. Farr, Polly Jenne, Valerie Chu, Al Hielscher. The chemical aquatic fate and effects database (CAFE), a tool that supports assessments of chemical spills in aquatic environments. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry: Volume 35, Issue 7, pages 1576–1586, July 2016.
DOI: 10.1002/etc.3289
详情请见http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/etc.3289/full 相似文献