鱼组织中多环芳烃的测定

研究了鱼体中２－５环多环芳烃的分析方法，方法包括皂化，萃取，氧化铝柱色谱分组、ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＬＨ－２０凝胶色谱净化，以及气相色谱和高效液相色谱方法分离测定，其方法对多环芳烃的添加回收率在６０％之间，检测限为０．１ｐｐｂ。应用本方法测定了北京地区两个鱼样体内多环芳烃的含量。     

Carbamazepine degradation by heterogeneous activation of peroxymonosulfate with lanthanum cobaltite perovskite: Performance, mechanism and toxicity

The widely used carbamazepine(CBZ) is one of the most persistent pharmaceuticals and suffers insufficient removal efficiency by conventional wastewater treatment.A synthesized Co-based perovskite(LaCoO_3) was used to activate peroxymonosulfate(PMS) in order to degrade CBZ.Results showed that LaCoO_3 exhibited an excellent performance in PMS activation and CBZ degradation at neutral pH,with low cobalt leaching.The results of FT-IR and XPS verified the high structurally and chemically stability of LaCoO_3 in PMS activation.Electron spin resonance(ESR) analysis suggested the generation of radical species,such as sulfate radicals(SO_4·~-) and hydroxyl radicals(·OH).Radical quenching experiments further revealed the responsibility of SO_4·~-as the dominant oxidant for CBZ oxidation.Ten products were detected via the oxidation of CBZ,with the olefinic double bond attacked by SO_4·~-as the initial step.Hydroxylation,hydrolysis,cyclization and dehydration were involved along the transformation of CBZ.The toxicity of CBZ solution was significantly reduced after treating by PMS/LaCoO_3.     

崇明东滩湿地土壤溶解性有机质的光谱特征分析

为了解滨海湿地土壤中溶解性有机质（DOM）的组成、分布及来源特征,采用紫外可见光谱和三维荧光光谱技术,并结合平行因子模型（PARAFAC）对崇明东滩湿地表层土壤DOM进行研究。结果表明:东滩表层土壤DOM吸收系数a（355）的均值为（13.72±9.47）m-1,呈由高潮滩向低潮滩递减的趋势;光谱斜率S_275-295的均值为（15.22±2.07）μm-1,反映出湿地南部土壤DOM的分子量较高,受大分子有机质影响较大。PARAFAC解析出的DOM含有2类3个荧光组分,即F_C1类蛋白质、F_C2陆源类腐殖质和F_C3自生源类腐殖质,各组分对总荧光强度的贡献率分别为40.70%、23.04%和36.26%。空间分布上,3组分荧光强度的高值集中于北部互花米草（Spartina alterniflora）和芦苇（Phragmites australis）湿地,且自北向南逐渐递减。荧光指数（FI）、生物源指数（BIX）和腐殖化指数（HIX）显示东滩湿地表层土壤DOM的自生源特征显著。另外,DOM荧光组分之间呈显著正相关,且各组分与碳氮元素的迁移转化密切相关,DOM生色团和荧光团存在共源性。     

Metabolism of palmitic,linoleic, and linolenic acids in adult oysters,Crassostrea virginica

This study investigated incorporation and metabolism of saturated [(1-¹⁴C) 16:0] and unsaturated [(1-¹⁴C) 18:26 and (1-¹⁴C) 18:33] fatty acids in adult eastern oysters,Crassostrea virginica Gmelin (spawned from parents obtained in 1986 from Mobjack Bay, Virginia, USA), and the influence of temperature on these processes. InC. virginica, incorporation of injected palmitic (16:0) and linolenic (18:33) acids was increased when oysters which had been grown in warm water (22 to 23°C) were transfered to cold water (5 to 7°C) for 8 to 18 d. Incorporation of linoleic acid (18:26) was unchanged under these conditions. The changes in concentration may have been linked to depression of metabolism in these oysters, in particular that of 16:0, which was reduced by 90%. Oxidation of incorporated fatty acids was much higher in warm than in cold water. Cold-temperature conditioning ofC. virginica altered the distribution of fatty acids among the neutral and polar lipid fractions. Long-term exposure to cold water increased the proportion of fatty acids in the polar fraction, which may be related to maintenance of membrane fluidity. Short-term exposure to cold water had the opposite effect, which may be due to increased energy requirements as the oyster adapts to new conditions. Reutilization of¹⁴C-acyl groups demonstrated de novo synthesis of 16:0 and 18:0 fatty acids. Only limited elongation and no desaturation of the administered fatty acids was observed.     

排污权交易中企业初始排污权的核定方法研究

排污权的初始分配是开展排污权交易的基础,科学地制定污染物初始排污权的核定办法是涉及到企业.之间公平发展的重要问题.本文根据企业的实际情况,将企业分成多种类型,依据不同的类型分别制定初始排污权的棱定方法,为排污权交易实施中企业初始排污权核定提供了参考.     

贵阳市地下水资源评价

在贵阳市市区水文地质调查的基础上,调查分析了该区域地形地貌、地质构造、地下水类型的分布以及地下水补给、径流、排泄情况,并对该区域地下水资源的质量及数量进行了评价,为地下水的开发与保护提供了基础。     

流域水资源标准体系风险分析与对策

为实施流域水资源有效保护,从技术管理层面分析流域水资源共享过程中标准体系的构成与作用。对现阶段实施的生活饮用水卫生标准、地表水环境质量标准和排水标准中涵盖的有机污染物进行对称性分析,指出标准体系中存在的技术风险以及生活污水和工业废水混排存在的管理风险。以松花江流域中某化工厂排水为实例进行有机污染物成份检测,发现了标准体系对污染物监控存在的疏漏。提出从人体健康角度完善排水和水环境质量标准,从流域水资源共享角度对排水和给水设施进行整体规划和布局,从水资源安全保障角度建立流域有机污染物优先控制名单。     

Carbonaceous and nitrogenous disinfection by-product formation in the surface and ground water treatment plants using Yellow River as water source

This work investigated the formation of carbonaceous and nitrogenous disinfection by-products (C-DBPs, N-DBPs) upon chlorination of water samples collected from a surface water and a ground water treatment plant (SWTP and GWTP) where the conventional treatment processes, i.e., coagulation, sedimentation, and filtration were employed. Twenty DBPs, including four trihalomethanes, nine haloacetic acids, seven N-DBPs (dichloroacetamide, trichloroacetamide, dichloroacetonitrile, trichloroacetonitrile, bromochloroacetonitrile, dibromoacetonitrile and trichloronitromethane), and eight volatile chlorinated compounds (dichloromethane (DCM), 1,2-dichloroethane, tetrachloroethylene, chlorobenzene, 1,2-dichlorobenzene, 1,4-dichlorobenzene, 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene) were detected in the two WTPs. The concentrations of these contaminants were all below their corresponding maximum contamination levels (MCLs) regulated by the Standards for Drinking Water Quality of China (GB5749-2006) except for DCM (17.1 μg/L detected vs. 20 μg/L MCL). The SWTP had much higher concentrations of DBPs detected in the treated water as well as the DBP formation potentials tested in the filtered water than the GWTP, probably because more precursors (e.g., dissolved organic carbon, dissolved organic nitrogen) were present in the water source of the SWTP.     

地电场电极深埋试验研究

对弥渡台地电场观测电极进行埋深处理,将原来埋深1.5 m电极深埋到5.0 m。改进后,三个测道长、短极距一致性较好,差值减少到个位数,相关性达到高度相关。通过电极埋深处理前后观测数据的对比分析认为：在地电场观测中,若将电极做深埋处理,则可以有效抑制来自地表干扰。