Research on the evolution characteristics of future climate change in West Liao River Basin

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In order to explore the characteristics of climate change in the future in the West Liao River Basin under the background of future climate change,...     

The modelling of trichloroethene photodegradation in Brij 35 surfactant by two-stage reaction.

Various clean-up technologies have been developed for the removal and/or destruction of trichloroethene (TCE) in the subsurface. Surfactant-aided soil washing followed by photodegradation could be a promising approach to such a task. The modelling of TCE photodegradation by UV in Brij 35 surfactant micelles is therefore investigated. Two stages of TCE degradation are observed in surfactant Brij 35 systems. A lag phase is observed at the commencement of the degradation, but the duration of the lag phase is significantly reduced as the initial pH increases. As the overall decay of TCE is also found to be faster at higher pH levels, it is suggested that the free radical reaction is dominant at high pH levels, and the formation of lag phases is mainly due to the deficiency of free radicals at lower pH levels. Since the period of the lag phase gradually decreases with the increase of initial pH level, and the two pseudo first-order reaction constants (one for the lag phase and one for the subsequent fast decay) for TCE decay in both stages are also pH dependent, a non-steady-state mathematical model is developed for the prediction of TCE photodegradation in Brij 35 solutions, in which the remaining fraction of TCE (C/C0) in the system can be determined at any instant by using a simple parameter of the initial system pH.     

我国粮食安全保障中改善农业环境的途径

本文分析了我国粮食安全及粮食持续生产所依托的农业环境状况。从我国粮食生产状况与经济发展水平看,全国粮食生产处于结构性过剩与低水平安全中,区域性粮食安全与不安全并存;耕地资源、水资源以及农民的经济收入状况等均不容乐观,加之自然灾害加重,粮食生产的环境成本将随之增加,这将影响我国未来粮食安全。为此,本文提出了走农业集约化道路是解决我国粮食安全与改善环境的基本途径。     

利用稻谷壳水解液在气升式生物反应器中发酵生产单细胞蛋白

以稻谷壳水解液为原料 ,采用树状假丝酵母 AS1.257( Candida arborea AS1.257) ,在罐体高径比为 2.9和上升管与下降管的直径之比为 6.6的外循环气升式生物反应器中发酵生产单细胞蛋白 .研究了通风量、装料量、空气喷嘴直径等工艺和结构参数对发酵的影响 ,得到了较佳的发酵操作参数 .在发酵前 24h的通风量为 1.1m³/( m³· min) ,后 24 h的通风量为 1.4m³/( m³· min)～ 1.5m³/( m³· min) ,起始装料量为 8.5L～ 9.0 L,起始 pH为 4.5～ 5.0 ,发酵温度为 29± 1℃的操作条件下 ,经 48h的发酵 ,可得到较佳的结果 .在无筛板 ,带一块筛板和带二块筛板的外循环气升式生物反应器中 ,发酵 48h后的干基粗蛋白含量分别为 61.3%、62.9%、64.5% ,发酵液中干物质重分别为 20.8mg/ml、21.2 mg/ml、21.3mg/ml,总糖利用率分别为 78.2 %、83.9%、81.4% ,均高于机械搅拌生物反应器 ,气升式生物反应器内加装筛板可提高发酵得率 .     

准好氧填埋渗滤液中氮转化机理

依据准好氧填埋的原理构建了填埋试验装置,在填埋装置各个层次设计采样装置.定期采集渗滤液进行分析,测定各个层次区域渗滤液中氨氮、硝态氮、亚硝态氮和总氮的质量浓度,分析各形态氮之间的变化规律与相关性,初步探讨氮转化的机理.结果表明,准好氧填埋上层区域中,渗滤液的氨氮与硝态氮质量浓度变化相关性极显著;中层和下层区域由于处于兼氧和厌氧状态,硝化作用较弱,渗滤液中氨氮与硝态氮质量浓度变化相关性不显著.上层渗滤液中氨氮与总氮相关性不显著,中层和下层氨氮与总氮相关性极显著,表明中层和下层区域中,渗滤液的氨氮质量浓度变化是导致总氮含量变化的主要贡献因素.     

Multivariate Analysis of Interactions Between Phytoplankton Biomass and Environmental Variables in Taihu Lake, China

Phytoplankton variation in large shallow eutrophic lakes is characterized by high spatial and temporal heterogenity. Understanding the pattern of phytoplankton variation and the relationships between it and environmental variables can contribute to eutrophic lakes management. In this study Taihu Lake, one of the largest eutrophic fresh water lake in China, was taken as study area. The water body of Taihu Lake was divided into five regions viz. Wuli bay (WB), Meilian Bay (MB), West Taihu Lake (WTL), Main Body of Taihu Lake (MBTL) and East Taihu Lake (ETL). Concentrations of chlorophyll-a and the related environmental variables were determined in each region in the period 2000–2003. Factor analysis and multivariate analysis were applied to evaluate the interactions between phytoplankton variation and environmental variables. Results showed that the highest average concentrations of TN, TP and Chl-a were observed in WB, followed in a descending order by MB and WTL, and the lowest concentrations of TN, TP and Chl-a were observed in MBTL and ETL. Chl-a and TP concentrations in most regions (except ETL) declined during the study period. It suggested that to some extent the lake was recovering from eutrophication. However, persistent ascending of TN and NH₄–N in all five regions indicated the deteriorating of water quality in the study period. Results of multivariate showed that the relationships between phytoplankton biomass and environmental variables varied among regions. TP illustrated itself a controlling role on phytoplankton in WB, MB, WTL and MBTL according to the significant positive relations to phytoplankton biomass in these regions. Nitrogen could be identified as a limiting factor to phytoplankton biomass in ETL in view of the positive correlations between TN and phytoplankton and between NH₄–N and phytoplankton. Spatial variation of interactions between phytoplankton and environmental parameters suggested proper eutrophication control measures were needed to restore ecological system in each region of Taihu Lake.     

江苏省一次典型沙尘污染过程分析

2021年4月16日至4月18日江苏省经历了一次受沙尘影响的重污染过程.本次过程沙源地为蒙古国中南部及中国内蒙古中西部地区,在蒙古气旋后部西北大风影响下,沙尘气团自西北向东南影响了中国多个省市和地区.江苏省自16日起逐渐受到沙尘过程影响,苏北城市ρ(PM10)从凌晨开始迅速升高,浓度最高达569μg/m3,空气质量达严...     

Monitoring and identification of spatiotemporal landscape changes in multiple remote sensing images by using a stratified conditional Latin hypercube sampling approach and geostatistical simulation

This study develops a stratified conditional Latin hypercube sampling (scLHS) approach for multiple, remotely sensed, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) images. The objective is to sample, monitor, and delineate spatiotemporal landscape changes, including spatial heterogeneity and variability, in a given area. The scLHS approach, which is based on the variance quadtree technique (VQT) and the conditional Latin hypercube sampling (cLHS) method, selects samples in order to delineate landscape changes from multiple NDVI images. The images are then mapped for calibration and validation by using sequential Gaussian simulation (SGS) with the scLHS selected samples. Spatial statistical results indicate that in terms of their statistical distribution, spatial distribution, and spatial variation, the statistics and variograms of the scLHS samples resemble those of multiple NDVI images more closely than those of cLHS and VQT samples. Moreover, the accuracy of simulated NDVI images based on SGS with scLHS samples is significantly better than that of simulated NDVI images based on SGS with cLHS samples and VQT samples, respectively. However, the proposed approach efficiently monitors the spatial characteristics of landscape changes, including the statistics, spatial variability, and heterogeneity of NDVI images. In addition, SGS with the scLHS samples effectively reproduces spatial patterns and landscape changes in multiple NDVI images.     

国内外重金属废水处理新技术的研究进展

有毒重金属对环境的严重威胁正逐渐成为全球性问题,着重综述了近年来国内外重金属污染处理技术的研究与进展。除了改进传统的化学、物理方法外,各种廉价高吸附性能的吸附剂、新型可选择性重金属捕集剂都是研究的焦点。特别是随着生物技术的发展,利用功能菌和植物处理含重金属污染已取得相当成效,并在工业上进行了实际应用。研究和发展新型天然吸附剂、重金属捕集剂和生物技术,加强多种技术的综合应用,是治理重金属污染的有效途径。     

树脂吸附-Fenton试剂氧化法处理水杨醛生产废水

采用树脂吸附-Fenton试剂氧化法处理水杨醛生产废水。XF-01树脂和XF-02树脂静态吸附水杨醛生产废水时,COD去除率均在85％以上,挥发酚去除率均高于90％。XF-02树脂对水杨醛生产废水的处理效果更佳。动态吸附随废水流量增大,吸附出水的COD和挥发酚质量浓度均增加。适宜的废水流量为15BV,树脂的最佳脱附温度为80℃。在连续4批的吸附-脱附实验中,吸附出水的平均COD约为1200mg／L,平均挥发酚质量浓度小于10mg／L。在Fenton试剂氧化中,铁屑和铁粉的催化效果差别很小,都好于FeSO4·7H2O。以铁屑为催化剂、H2O2溶液加入量为1％时,氧化出水的COD小于150mg／L,挥发酚质量浓度小于0．5mg／L。