外源亚精胺对模拟干旱胁迫下番茄幼苗活性氧水平和抗氧化系统的影响

以耐旱性不同的2个品种番茄('粉802'和'皇冠')为试材,采用营养液栽培,研究了聚乙二醇(PEG)模拟的干旱胁迫下喷施外源哑精胺(Spd)对番茄幼苗活性氧(ROS)水平和抗氧化系统的影响.结果表明,喷施0.1 mmol L-1Spd降低了7.5%PEG胁迫下2个品种番茄幼苗叶中超氧阴离子(O2-)产生速率、过氧化氢(H2O2,)、丙二醛(MDA)含量的上升,增加了超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氧酶(CAT)以及AsA-GSH循环中抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)的活性,提高了抗氧化物质抗坏血酸(AsA)、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)的含量,对单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(MDHAR)、脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(DHAR)活性没有影响.耐旱性较强的‘毛粉802'幼苗叶中抗氧化酶活性和抗氧化剂升高幅度明显大于耐旱性较弱的‘皇冠',ROS积累速度和膜脂过氧化程度相对较低,喷施Spd处理对‘皇冠'效果更为明显.这表明外源Spd通过减少干旱胁迫下番茄幼苗体内ROS的产生,提高植株体内抗氧化系统中抗氧化酶活性、抗氧化剂含量和降低膜脂过氧化水平,起到缓解干旱胁迫对番茄幼苗伤害的作用,增强幼苗对干旱逆境的适应性.图4参32     

基于博弈理论的跨域水体联治府际行为研究——以太湖流域为例

为探究府际合作行为与成本收益之间的因果关系,发掘跨域合作治理困境的内生原因.以太湖流域水体联治为例,梳理流域行政区划分属江苏省、浙江省、安徽省以及上海市三省一市协作主体的角色定位和利益诉求,采用博弈理论与方法构建府际合作治理博弈矩阵,拆解政府策略选择的内在利益逻辑.研究表明:合作主体因发展基础差异化面临多元利益矛盾局面...     

Combustion and inorganic bromine emission of waste printed circuit boards in a high temperature furnace

High temperature combustion experiments of waste printed circuit boards (PCBs) were conducted using a lab-scale system featuring a continuously-fed drop tube furnace. Combustion efficiency and the occurrence of inorganic bromine (HBr and Br₂) were systematically studied by monitoring the main combustion products continuously. The influence of furnace temperature (T) was studied from 800 to 1400 °C, the excess air factor (EAF) was varied from 1.2 to 1.9 and the residence time in the high temperature zone (RT_HT) was set at 0.25, 0.5, or 0.75 s.Combustion efficiency depends on temperature, EAF and RT_HT; temperature has the most significant effect. Conversion of organic bromine from flame retardants into HBr and Br₂ depends on temperature and EAF. Temperature has crucial influence over the ratio of HBr to Br₂, whereas oxygen partial pressure plays a minor role. The two forms of inorganic bromine seem substantially to reach thermodynamic equilibrium within 0.25 s. High temperature is required to improve the combustion performance: at 1200 °C or higher, an EAF of 1.3 or more, and a RT_HT exceeding 0.75 s, combustion is quite complete, the CO concentration in flue gas and remained carbon in ash are sufficiently low, and organobrominated compounds are successfully decomposed (more than 99.9%).According to these results, incineration of waste PCBs without preliminary separation and without additives would perform very well under certain conditions; the potential precursors for brominated dioxins formation could be destroyed efficiently. Increasing temperature could decrease the volume percentage ratio of Br₂/HBr in flue gas greatly.     

Thermal conversion of municipal solid waste via hydrothermal carbonization: comparison of carbonization products to products from current waste management techniques

Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is a novel thermal conversion process that may be a viable means for managing solid waste streams while minimizing greenhouse gas production and producing residual material with intrinsic value. HTC is a wet, relatively low temperature (180-350 °C) thermal conversion process that has been shown to convert biomass to a carbonaceous residue referred to as hydrochar. Results from batch experiments indicate HTC of representative waste materials is feasible, and results in the majority of carbon (45-75% of the initially present carbon) remaining within the hydrochar. Gas production during the batch experiments suggests that longer reaction periods may be desirable to maximize the production of energy-favorable products. If using the hydrochar for applications in which the carbon will remain stored, results suggest that the gaseous products from HTC result in fewer g CO(2)-equivalent emissions than the gases associated with landfilling, composting, and incineration. When considering the use of hydrochar as a solid fuel, more energy can be derived from the hydrochar than from the gases resulting from waste degradation during landfilling and anaerobic digestion, and from incineration of food waste. Carbon emissions resulting from the use of the hydrochar as a fuel source are smaller than those associated with incineration, suggesting HTC may serve as an environmentally beneficial alternative to incineration. The type and extent of environmental benefits derived from HTC will be dependent on hydrochar use/the purpose for HTC (e.g., energy generation or carbon storage).     

TiO2介孔球的合成及其对双酚A的光催化降解

以不同的含钛化合物作为原料,在无模板条件下经一步溶剂热法合成了两种TiO2介孔球——TiO2-1和TiO2-2。对两种TiO2介孔球的形貌进行了表征,结果表明:TiO2-1和TiO2-2粒径分别为5.7 nm和8.0 nm;比表面积分别为159.4 m2/g和128.3 m2/g;孔径约为4.0 nm和5.0 nm。采用P25型TiO2、TiO2-1和TiO2-2对双酚A溶液进行光催化降解反应。在催化剂加入量为0.5 mg/L的条件下降解60 min,双酚A去除率分别为76.3%,99.7%,98.5%。TiO2-1和TiO2-2的光催化效果优于P25型TiO2,且TiO2-1的光催化效果更好。     

大型垃圾填埋场垃圾稳定化研究

本文对大型垃圾填埋场内不同填埋时间垃圾四个组分 (总糖、有机质、生物可降解物和粗纤维 )含量进行了分析 ,并对各指标随填埋时间的变化趋势进行了讨论。结果表明 :在试验场封场后不久 ,垃圾取样均匀性不能保证 ,各指标随时间变化波动很大 ;封场 71 8d后 ,各指标随时间变化呈现一定的规律性 ,垃圾的生物可降解物含量变化能较好地反映垃圾的降解规律。     

林可霉素生产废水的厌氧生物处理工艺

采用单相中温升流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)反应器厌氧生物工艺处理含有有毒难降解有机物的林可霉素生产废水.当进水COD 8000～14000 mg/L,HRT约10h时,COD容积负荷可达20～35kg/(m³·d),COD去除率为50%～55%.适时调整并维持较高的表面水力负荷[0.2～0.4 m³/(m²·h)]、较高的进水有机基质浓度(COD为2000～3000mg/L)和污泥COD负荷[0.2～0.5 kg/(kg·d)],并适当延长启动驯化时间可培养出沉降性好、污泥活性较高的颗粒污泥.废水厌氧生物降解动力学符合Monod方程,动力学常数V_max=1.3 d^-1,K_s=8133mg/L.废水中不可生物降解物质占总COD的比例约为30%,这是废水COD去除率偏低的重要因素.     

论环境监测综合信息系统的建设规划

根据对各级环保机械综合信息技术应用的调研,提出环境监测综合信息系统设计原则及技术路线。     

毛毯印染废水处理技术研究

本文采用投菌水解(酸化)--接触氯化法处理毛毯印染废水.试验表明该工艺流程简单,处理效果好,出水水质稳定.当进水CODc在480～750mg/L范围变化时,出水CODDc稳定在100mg/L以下.其中,水解池对色度有较好的去除效果,同时可提高后续接触氧化池的处理效率;而CODc的去除则主要在接触氧化池进行.     

故障树可视化分析系统

论述了自行研制设计的可视化故障树分析系统的功能及程序结构与设计原理。该系统由故障树生成、故障树分析计算、文件输出和系统管理 4个模块组成 ,可使故障树生成与分析变得非常直观而简便 ,只需用鼠标在屏幕上绘制出故障树图 ,系统就能自动识别并进行定性与定量分析。