安康湿地综合生态产业园规划

针对当前城市中各类湿地在经济建设浪潮中,受城市扩张的影响而逐步退缩、湿地内部生境破碎化愈益严重的局面,以安康市湿地公园为例,引入多种生态技术、结合造园手法,探寻一种兼顾湿地生态效益与城市社会经济效益的多元化利用模式。     

公共建筑室内空气污染及其控制

建筑应给人们提供良好的空气环境,以满足人体舒适和人体健康的要求。目前公共建筑室内空气污染问题正日益引起人们广泛重视。引起室内空气污染的原因主要有室内污染、室外环境因素以及暖通空调系统3个方面,其产生的污染物种类繁多。在分析产生室内空气污染物的基础上,提出了控制室内空气污染的措施及改善室内空气质量的途径。     

全程自养脱氮耦合反硝化除磷的启动及稳定运行

采用改进型ABR-MBR反应器,接种普通活性污泥,以氨氮为200 mg·L~(-1)、C/N=1的人工配水为处理对象,研究全程自养脱氮耦合反硝化除磷一体式工艺的启动及其脱氮除磷效能.控制反应器运行条件:温度为(25±1)℃,pH=7. 5±0. 2,回流比由50%逐步提升至200%.结果表明,ABR厌氧阶段消耗70%COD,使得在低DO、高氨氮下能够21 d内快速启动部分亚硝化;随后以间歇曝气(曝停比:2 h∶2 h,DO为0. 3～0. 4 mg·L~(-1))的运行方式在132 d内成功启动耦合工艺内的CANON部分,使得ABR缺氧段的电子受体中硝酸盐氮浓度稳步上升,最终于160 d成功启动耦合工艺.稳定运行后,MBR内TN去除负荷达到0. 22 kg·(m~3·d)~(-1),出水各项指标COD、TN和PO_4~(3-)-P去除率分别为87. 0%、90. 4%和81. 8%.批次试验估算ABR内以硝酸氮盐为电子受体的PAOs约占PAOs的68%,系统内已培育出相互适应协作的DPAOs、AOB和An AOB菌种,具有良好同步脱氮除磷效果.     

武钢炼铁厂7~#高炉供料系统槽上除尘设计

介绍了武钢7#高炉供料系统槽上除尘设计的考虑因素,针对各种方法的优缺点,采用了槽上侧边抽风加移动式除尘通风口的除尘工艺,取得了很好的除尘效果。并给出了上料过程中产生的粉尘特性及所采用的除尘设备的主要参数,可供参考。     

海南岛北部地区酸雨的天气影响因素及污染源分析

根据2005年7月—2006年12月海口市发生的19个酸雨个例,对海南岛北部地区酸雨发生的天气背景、致酸物的源地及输送方式进行了天气学分析. 结果表明:海南岛北部地区酸雨的发生无明显季节性;影响海南岛北部地区酸雨形成的天气系统主要有6种,其中冷空气偏东型及热带气旋型2类天气系统产生的酸雨次数最多;致酸物多属远距离输送所致,主要来源于华南地区,部分来源于越南,海南岛本地污染物导致酸雨的个例很少. 海南岛北部地区酸雨的形成不仅与气象条件有关,而且与海南岛的地形地貌有关.      

固定化枯草芽孢杆菌发酵生产捷安肽素

采用吸附固定化细胞技术发酵生产捷安肽素.首先对7种不同的吸附性固体载体进行筛选,发现木屑作为载体效果最好;然后通过正交优化实验和单因素实验确定载体木屑的最佳条件为:粒度0.5～0.6 mm,添加浓度10 g L-1发酵液.为避免吸附法固定的菌体细胞从载体上脱落,尝试在木屑固定化细胞体系中加入粘稠剂以增强吸附性能,运用单因素实验确定了粘稠剂的种类和浓度,即为15 g L-1海藻酸钠.最后应用响应面方法优化固定化细胞发酵培养基及培养条件,结果表明:接种量为10%、黄豆粉水解液总氮浓度为1.7 g L-1发酵液、葡萄糖浓度为33.7 g L-1发酵液时捷安肽素的生物效价最大,达到7 282.08 U,比非固定化细胞培养提高了53.9%.图3表7参17     

Field experiment on biological contact oxidation process to treat polluted river water in the Dianchi Lake watershed

In this study two types of biological contact oxidation processes (BCOP), a step-feed (SBCOP) unit and an inter-recycle (IBCOP) unit, were designed to investigate the treatment of heavily polluted river water. The Daqing River, which is the largest pollutant contributor to the Dianchi Lake, one of the most eutrophic freshwater lakes in China, was taken for the case study. It was found that the SBCOP had higher adaptability and better performance in the reduction of COD, TN, and TP, which made it applicable for the treatment of polluted river water entering the Dianchi Lake. Nitrification rate was observed to be greatly affected by the influent temperature. During each season, the nitrification in the SBCOP was higher than that in the IBCOP. TN removal efficiency in the SBCOP was higher than that in the IBCOP during the winter and spring but poorer during the summer, possibly due to the inhibition of denitrification by higher dissolved oxygen level in the summer. Moreover, symbiotic algaebacteria growth may be conducive to the removal of pollutants.     

基于互相关算法的人员密集场所人群运动速度特征研究

研究人群密集场所的人群运动速度特征可以预测人群的运动趋势,在大型活动组织过程中可以对异常人群运动做出预警,避免过度的拥挤及踩踏事件的发生,保证大型群体性活动的安全顺利开展。利用国内某重要城市核心区公共场所人群运动的视频图像,通过互相关算法提取该场所人群的运动速度,并进一步比较通往景区的四条不同路径上人群运动速度的差异性,分析其人群运动特征。分析结果表明单向通道的人群运动速度较大且运动方向基本与通道的两侧边界平行,而双向通道中由于人群中阻尼效应的影响,人群运动速度的大小和方向都发生了不同程度的改变。分析结果可为核心区管理者进行大型群体性活动的组织、人群疏散与引导提供建议,进而为人群拥挤踩踏事故风险防控、拥挤踩踏事故专项应急预案制定及人群聚集活动安全方案编制提供理论支持。     

基于IKONOS影像的城市住宅区中水回用空间分布估算

中水回用是解决城市水资源短缺和水环境污染问题的有效途径。开展分散式中水可行性研究,需要考虑中水原水与回用需求的数量、空间分布及平衡关系。论文以南京市住宅区为例,探索了基于IKONOS高分辨率遥感影像分类,估算中水回用空间分布的方法。通过引入单位面积用水定额,将遥感和GIS 分析得到的用地信息与中水原水产量和回用需求关联起来,计算了研究区域中27 个地块的中水原水产量和回用需求量,并分析了两者在空间上的水量平衡关系。结果表明,研究区域存在较大的中水原水供给潜力3.52 L/（m²·d）和较大的利用需求5.37 L/（m²·d）。住宅小区的单位面积原水产量与其建筑容积率成正比;以中高层住宅区为主的地区,中水原水产量能够基本满足本地区的中水回用需求。因此,在这些地区建立分散式污水处理系统,可减少废污水排放,节约自来水取用量,提高水资源利用率。     

Influence of pore size and membrane surface properties on arsenic removal by nanofiltration membranes

Four NF membranes were compared regarding arsenate rejection and their properties. Rejection of arsenate had no relationship with membrane pore size. A more negative surface charge was favorable for arsenate rejection at neutral pH. A severe membrane fouling could lead to a great reduction of arsenic rejection. Nanofiltration (NF) has a great potential in removing arsenate from contaminated water. The performance including arsenate rejection, water permeability and resistance to fouling could however differ substantially among NF membranes. This study was conducted to investigate the influence of membrane pore size and surface properties on these aspects of membrane performance. Four fully-aromatic NF membranes with different physicochemical properties were adopted for this study. The results showed that surface charge, hydrophobicity, roughness and pore size could affect water permeability and/or arsenate rejection considerably. A more negative surface charge was desirable to enhance arsenate rejection rates. NF90 and a non-commercialized membrane (M#1) demonstrated the best performance in terms of arsenate rejection and water permeability. The M#1 membrane showed less membrane fouling than NF90 when used for filtration of real arsenic-containing groundwater. This was mainly due to its distinct chemical composition and surface properties. A severe membrane fouling could lead to a substantial reduction of arsenic rejection. The M#1 membrane showed the best performance, which indicated that membrane modification could indeed enhance the overall membrane performance for water treatment.