Application of thresholds of potential concern and limits of acceptable change in the condition assessment of a significant wetland

We propose a framework in which thresholds of potential concern (TPCs) and limits of acceptable change (LACs) are used in concert in the assessment of wetland condition and vulnerability and apply the framework in a case study. The lower Murrumbidgee River floodplain (the ‘Lowbidgee’) is one of the most ecologically important wetlands in Australia and the focus of intense management intervention by State and Federal government agencies. We used a targeted management stakeholder workshop to identify key values that contribute to the ecological significance of the Lowbidgee floodplain, and identified LACs that, if crossed, would signify the loss of significance. We then used conceptual models linking the condition of these values (wetland vegetation communities, waterbirds, fish species and the endangered southern bell frog) to measurable threat indicators, for which we defined a management goal and a TPC. We applied this framework to data collected across 70 wetland storages’, or eco-hydrological units, at the peak of a prolonged drought (2008) and following extensive re-flooding (2010). At the suggestion of water and wetland mangers, we neither aggregated nor integrated indices but reported separately in a series of chloropleth maps. The resulting assessment clearly identified the effect of rewetting in restoring indicators within TPC in most cases, for most storages. The scale of assessment was useful in informing the targeted and timely management intervention and provided a context for retaining and utilising monitoring information in an adaptive management context.     

论我国城市生态园林公墓建设及其发展

随着工业占地的加剧和城市死亡人数的增长,城市公墓建设的不合理问题已非常尖锐,使得城市可用土地面积和人均绿地减少。因此,在我国实施城市生态园林公墓建设已迫在眉睫。本文就此指出了一些当前我国生态园林公墓建设中存在的问题,并提出了几点措施和建议。     

施用污泥的土壤重金属元素有效性的影响因素

污泥农用是解决城市污泥出路较为合理的途径.但由于含较高量的重金属,它的应用受到限制.研究发现,进入土壤的重金属在不同的土壤类型、不同的土壤条件下,形态分布各不相同,而不同形态的重金属对植物的有效性和毒性也不相同,本文试图对土壤中影响重金属形态分布的因素及机制作一综述.     

A novel pretreatment approach for fast determination of organochlorine pesticides in biotic samples

Recent studies have focused on enantiomeric behaviors of chiral organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in biotic matrix because they provide insights into the biotransformation processes of chiral OCPs. In the present paper, a double in-line column chromatographic method was developed to effectively remove the lipid impurity in different biotic samples for clean-up of OCPs. After an initial Soxhlet extraction of OCPs from the biotic samples by a mixture of acetone and dichloromethane (DCM), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was directly added to the extract, and low boiling point solvents (acetone and DCM) were then evaporated. OCPs remained in DMSO were eluted via column 1 filled with silicon gel, and subsequently passed through column 2 packed with 15% deactivated florisil. This novel method was characterized by significant time and solvent savings. The recovery rates of alpha-HCH (hexachlorocyclohexane), beta-HCH, gamma-HCH and delta-HCH were 78.5+/-3.1%, 72.4+/-7.7%, 72+/-4.0% and 70.0+/-8.7%, respectively, and 92.5+/-3.8%, 79.7+/-6.7% and 83.4+/-6.5% for 1,1-dichloro-2-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(4- chlorophenyl) ethylene (o,p'-DDE), 1,1-dichloro-2-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(4-chloro phenyl)ethane (o,p'-DDD) and 1,1,1-trichloro-2-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(4-chlorophenyl) ethane (o,p'-DDT), separately. In addition, the separation efficiencies of the target compounds by both achiral and chiral gas chromatographic columns were satisfactory using the established method. Therefore, the double in-line column chromatography was a useful alternative method for pretreatment of OCPs in different biotic samples.     

α-环糊精接枝壳聚糖纤维的合成及其对对硝基酚的包合吸附与释放

在氰基硼氢化钠存在的弱酸性条件下将6-去氧-6-甲酰基-α-环糊精接枝到壳聚糖纤维上,制备了α-环糊精接枝壳聚糖纤维.测定了不同温度和时间下,α-环糊精接枝壳聚糖纤维对对硝基酚(PNP)的包合吸附与释放性能,及其包合稳定性常数和热力学参数.结果表明,α-环糊精接枝壳聚糖纤维是一种高效的PNP分离剂,对PNP具有良好的分子识别、包合吸附和释放性能,其PNP包合吸附容量可达到2.93 mg/g,318 K时PNP释放度可达到70%左右,并可反复包合吸附与释放;该包合反应为放热反应,分子间的范德华力起主导作用;包合物的稳定性受温度影响较大,低于298 K时较稳定,318 K时PNP释放达到平衡;在同一温度下,PNP释放度随时间的增加而提高.     

自然灾害风险评估国际计划述评Ⅰ——指标体系

自然灾害风险评估是综合灾害风险管理的关键途径。概述了近年来3个重要的自然灾害风险评估国际计划：灾害风险指标计划（Din）、多发区指标计划（Hotspots）和美洲计划（American Programme）的目标与成果。重点介绍了3个国际计划选取的指标：DRI首次开发了2个脆弱性全球指标;Hotspots发展了3个灾害风险指数;美洲计划开发了4个独立的指标体系,用于描述国家级的灾害风险构成要素,同时,提出城市级的风险评估指标。通过比较3个国际计划选择的指标体系的优缺点,提出选择能全面反映脆弱性和风险特征、计算简便的指标是今后灾害风险评估的关键和重点。     

河北省观光农业园规划中存在的问题及对策

在调查了河北省多个观光农业园和参考相关资料的基础上,根据观光农业园的功能和景观特点,将河北省的观光农业园主要分为高科技综合型观光农业园、生态休闲度假型观光农业园和特色主题型观光农业园。并针对各观光农业园规划的现状,分析了存在的定位不合理、选址盲目、缺乏景观特色、环境污染严重、服务设施匮乏以及开放时间短等问题,并针对以上问题,提出了规划应合理定位、因地制宜、突出特色、建立节约型观光农业园等相应的对策。     

Residential Preferences for River Network Improvement: An Exploration of Choice Experiments in Zhujiajiao,Shanghai, China

River networks have both ecological and social benefits for urban development. However, river networks have suffered extensive destruction as a result of urbanization and industrialization, especially in China. River restoration is a growth business but suffers poor efficiency due to a lack of social understanding. Assessing the benefits of river system restoration and recognizing public preferences are critical for effective river ecosystem restoration and sustainable river management. This study used a choice experiment with a multinomial logit model and a random parameter logit model to assess respondents’ cognitive preferences regarding attributes of river networks, and their possible sources of heterogeneity. Results showed that riverfront condition was the attribute most preferred by respondents, while stream morphology was the least preferred. Results also illustrated that the current status of each of three river network attributes was not desirable, and respondents would prefer a river network with a “branch pattern,” that is “limpid with no odor,” and “accessible with vegetation.” Estimated willingness to pay was mainly affected by household monthly income, residential location, and whether respondents had household members engaged in a water protection career. The assessment results can provide guidance and a reference for managers, sponsors, and researchers.     

计算机内灰尘有机物污染调查

通过分析从不同场所收集来的计算机内灰尘样品,以了解计算机内灰尘中有机物污染情况,以及主要有机污染物的成分和浓度,并探讨了计算机内灰尘中有机物的来源和成因。     

抓好关键环节HSE管理确保临时检修安全

因外取热器内漏及油浆系统漏点多,巴陵石化有限责任公司烯烃事业部炼油装置于2005年3月进行了临时停工检修.本次临时检修的主要工作有:两器(沉降器、再生器)清焦,内部改造,外取热器换芯子;三机系统检修,烟气能量回收、机组换烟机;油浆系统的26台油浆阀门连带法兰更换.本次检修中两器系统全停,分馏系统塔外两路循环、常压闭路循环,其余装置基本带料保压,危险性和检修难度比正常大修要大得多.时间紧,任务重,人员密集,工作点多面广,交叉作业多,作业工种多,昼夜作业多,安全管理难度大.为此,事业部HSE委员会、安环室将本次检修分成准备和实施两个阶段进行HSE管理.突出每个阶段HSE工作的重点、难点,搞好危害识别和防范措施的落实,确保本次临时检修安全无事故.