自然灾害综合灾情分级模型及应用

根据对自然灾害灾情的调研，提出了自然灾害综合灾情分级的指标体系和单指标分级标准，然后应用灰色聚类方法建立了自然灾害综合灾情分级模型，并探讨了该模型在评估1993年中国沿海地区台风、暴雨灾害灾情中的应用。     

试论突发性自然灾害灾害损失评估的特点与原则

本文在分析突发性自然灾害特征与灾害损失评估特点的基础上，提出了突发性自然灾害灾害损失评估的原则。这些原则的提出，为灾害损失评估理论和方法研究奠定基础。     

From Environmental Ethics to Nature Conservation Policy: Natura 2000 and the Burden of Proof

Natura 2000 is a network of natural sites whose aim is to preserve species and habitats of relevance in the European Union. The policy underlying Natura 2000 has faced widespread opposition from land users and received extensive support from environmentalists. This paper addresses the ethical framework for Natura 2000 and the probable moral assumptions of its main stakeholders. Arguments for and against Natura 2000 were analyzed and classified according to “strong” or “weak” versions of the three main theories of environmental ethics – anthropocentrism, biocentrism, and ecocentrism. Weak (intergenerational) anthropocentrism was found to underlie the Natura 2000 network itself and the positions of environmentalists, while strong (traditional) anthropocentrism pervaded the positions of economic developers. Land users seemed to fall somewhere between weak and strong anthropocentrism. The paper discusses the relation between ethics and different attitudes towards Natura 2000, highlighting some of the implications for the network’s ongoing implementation. It is shown that Natura 2000 achieves a strong reversal of the burden of proof from conservation to economic development and land use change under anthropocentrism. It is argued that the alleged theoretical divide between anthropocentrism and non-anthropocentrism in relation to the burden of proof does not seem to hold in practice. Finally, it is predicted that the weak versions of anthropocentrism, biocentrism, and ecocentrism, are likely to converge extensively in respect to nature conservation policy measures.“Charting the depths of law and policy disputes yield an understanding of ethical differences.” Paul B. Thompson (2002, p. 189).     

辐射化学在环境激素研究中的应用

环境激素对地球生态系统带来严重威胁.大量难降解环境激素(如多氯联苯、二噁英)危害全球脆弱的生态环境,其直接后果之一就是人类乳腺癌等恶性疾病发病率急剧上升.因此,当今世界各国均十分重视环境激素的环境生物学机理研究.辐射化学作为一门高新技术,在环境激素污染物处理、降解机理与生命科学研究等方面可发挥重要作用,例如:同步辐射可用于直接观测溶液口的雌激素受体ER真实结构,脉冲辐解、激光光解和电子自旋共振用于研究环境激素活性瞬态粒子动力学等等.     

固定化细胞小球降解三氟甲苯的特性研究

制备了包埋菌种z3的海藻酸钙小球，对固定化细胞小球的机械强度和三氟甲苯的降解率做了研究。通过改变海藻酸钙凝胶组成，添加硅藻土、蛋白质，使用交联剂己二胺、戊二醛等方法，提高了固定化包埋小球交联的密度和机械强度，保持了固定化小球对三氟甲苯的降解活性。扫描电镜显示了包埋小球经过己二胺一戊二醛处理之后，小球的表面结构成网格状，内部网格复杂化，不均匀程度增加。     

寒冷地区不同煤样冻黏强度试验研究

寒冷地区煤炭运输设备上煤的冻黏严重影响煤炭运输的安全与效率,为分析各地不同煤样的冻黏强度特性及原因,选取各地5个存在冻黏现象煤矿的煤样,测试其在Q235和UHMWPE材料上的冻黏强度,并检测5种煤样的外在水质量分数、粒度和孔容分布,结果表明:在亲水性Q235材料上,内蒙古锡林浩特煤样冻黏强度最高(2.58 MPa),其次是辽宁铁法煤样(2.02 MPa)和黑龙江双鸭山煤样(1.36 MPa),北京大安山(0.773 MPa)和木城涧煤样(0.689 MPa)较低;不同煤样在疏水性UHMWPE材料上的冻黏强度分布在0.159~0.230 MPa。各煤样因煤质、采掘破碎工况、煤化程度等因素导致其粒度和孔容分布不同,使各自外在水质量分数不同,进而导致煤样在亲水性Q235材料上冻黏强度差别明显,外在水质量分数高的煤样冻黏强度相对较高;在UHMWPE材料上,各煤样的冻黏强度因材料的疏水性而对外在水质量分数差异不敏感,因而普遍很低且差别很小,可见采用UHMWPE基体材料对各地煤在运输设备上的冻黏具有一定防治作用。     

Occurrence and risk assessment of trace metals and metalloids in sediments and benthic invertebrates from Dianshan Lake,China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The present study measured concentrations of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Sb, and Pb in surface sediments and two benthic invertebrate species (Anodonta...     

Concentrations of sulphur and heavy metals in needles and rooting soils of Masson pine (Pinus massoniana L.) trees growing along an urban–rural gradient in Guangzhou, China

Current (C) and previous year (C + 1) needles and soils (organic horizon, 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm mineral depth) of Masson pine (Pinus massoniana L.) trees were sampled at four forested sites (Huang Pu industrial district, HP; South China Botanical Garden, BG; Mao Feng Mt., MF; and Nan Kun Mt., NK) in Guangzhou along a urban-rural gradient and analyzed for sulfur (S) and heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Ni, Cd, Cr and Pb) concentrations. Needle concentrations of all the elements were significantly higher at industrial HP than at other three sites, except for Cu and Pb which were highest at the traffic site (BG). The C + 1 needles generally had higher Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn, Cr than the C needles while the opposite was for Ni and S. Total and available Cd, Pb, Zn in soils peaked at the urban sites (HP and BG) and decreased at suburban MF and rural NK. Heavy metals were generally higher in the organic soils than in the mineral soils at all sites. Zinc and Pb at all sites, and Cd, S and Cu at the urban sites (HP and BG) in soils or pine needles were above or near their respective natural background levels, implying that threats resulted from these toxic elements occurred on local particularly urban forests, but did not for Cr and Ni due to their presence below their background values. Our results demonstrated that elements concentrations in needles and soils had reflected the variability of pollutants and the environmental quality change along the urban-rural transect, and were efficient as biomonitors to assess the influence of anthropogenic activities along the urbanization course on forest health.