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321.
为了研究隧道施工对邻近建筑物基础的沉降量、沉降差、扭转及倾斜等变形特征随隧道距离的变化规律,结合广州地铁隧道下穿一个框架结构建筑物,利用FLAC3D软件建立隧道-土-建筑结构的三维有限差分计算模型,考虑了建筑物的中间纵向框架与隧道轴线平行、距离从0m增加到20m共11种工况。根据计算结果,建筑物的最大扭曲变形量和最大沉降量随着距离的增大,都由最大值逐渐减小趋于零,其中最大扭曲变形量减小很快,当水平距离超出隧道轴线埋深时,扭曲变形量可以忽略不计;而建筑物倾斜、相邻基础的沉降差先由零逐渐增加,在沉降槽边缘内侧达到最大值,随后逐渐减小,最后逐渐趋于零。研究结果表明,对于受隧道施工影响的地表框架结构建筑物,在隧道上方位置时应重点监控其沉降量和扭转变形量,而在沉降槽边缘内侧时应注意监控其沉降差和倾斜量。 相似文献
322.
一株高效解磷细菌的紫外诱变选育及其在红壤稻田施用效果 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
红壤对磷有强大吸附固定力,磷肥易被土壤中活性铁、铝固定而使有效态磷转化为各种形态的非有效磷,从而大大降低磷肥的利用率。解磷菌能使土壤中难溶性或不溶性的磷转化为易于被植物吸收利用的磷。通过对江西鹰潭红壤分离筛选并经过紫外诱变获得一株性状稳定的高效解磷细菌Y8。经鉴定,菌株Y8为蜡状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)。通过与生产中应用的徐州华龙高效复合菌肥厂的解磷细菌X3相比,菌株Y8降解有机磷、溶解Ca3(PO4)2的能力均比较高,分别为155.3mg·L^-1和240.1mg·L^-1。研究各种理化因子对菌株Y8解磷能力的影响,确定了菌株Y8的最佳培养条件为葡萄糖20g·L^-1、NH4(SO4)21.5g·L^-1、pH7.0、温度为35℃,在该条件下菌株Y8溶解Ca3(PO4)2的量为295.6mg·L^-1。在江西鹰潭红壤稻田的施用试验表明,将菌株Y8制成微生物菌剂施用于水稻田可起到减施化肥的作用。 相似文献
323.
324.
Preparation and Properties of Thermoplastic Starch/Montmorillonite Nanocomposite Using N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)formamide as a New Additive 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Hongguang Dai Peter R. Chang Fengying Geng Jiugao Yu Xiaofei Ma 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2009,17(4):225-232
N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)formamide (HF) was synthesized efficiently and used as a new additive to prepare thermoplastic starch/montmorillonite
nanocomposite (TPS/MMT). Here, HF acted as both plasticizer for TPS and swelling agent for MMT. The hydrogen bond interaction
among HF, starch and MMT was proven by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. By scanning electron microscope (SEM),
starch granules were completely disrupted. Atomic force microscopy demonstrated that partially exfoliated TPS/MMT nanocomposite
was formed. The crystallinity of corn starch, MMT, HF-plasticized TPS (HTPS) and TPS/MMT nanocomposite was characterized by
X-ray diffraction (XRD). Thermal stability of HTPS and TPS/MMT was determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The water
resistance of TPS/MMT nanocomposite increased compared with that of pure HTPS. Tensile strengths of TPS/MMT nanocomposites
were higher than those of HTPS, but just the reverse for elongations at break. 相似文献
325.
环境介质中药物和个人护理品的潜在风险研究进展 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
药物和个人护理品(PPCPs)在环境介质中的残留物作为一种新型污染物在环境介质中的转归,逐渐成为环境工作者和公众密切关注的焦点.这些物质特殊的物化特性及其被大量使用的现状,给生态环境和人类健康带来一定的潜在风险.由PPCPs使用所引发的风险问题正在成为当前学术界所面临的研究方向之一.欧洲和美国已经开始了对PPCPs的风险评估研究,中国研究者仅对某些药物的分析检测方法进行了初步探索,对PPCPs的潜在风险研究还呈空白.从PPCPs的物化特性及其对环境介质的影响入手,对其潜在风险进行了分析,并介绍了目前国外PPCPs风险研究进展,以期为中国开展PPCPs的风险评估提供参考. 相似文献
326.
Small-scale mining in China: Assessing recent advances in the policy and regulatory framework 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper explores the background of a proposed revision to the Mineral Resources Law of China, why and how the law was amended in the past, its salient features and objectives. Of equal importance is an analysis of how this national law, with its attendant regulations and policies, formed the basis for the growth and continued development of China's small-scale mining industry. The Xiaoqingling Gold Mountain case study is shown to justify the necessity and feasibility for formalizing and consolidating small-scale mines in China, and to some extent, the success of the nation-wide ASM resource consolidation policy at a local level. 相似文献
327.
328.
啤酒酵母菌对溶液中锶离子的吸附行为 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用废弃啤酒酵母菌为生物吸附剂,考察了pH、啤酒酵母菌加入量、锶离子初始浓度、吸附时间等对锶离子吸附行为的影响,并通过红外光谱分析探讨了吸附机制.结果表明:(1)在吸附温度为25℃、pH为4.5、啤酒酵母菌加入量为2.0 g/L、锶离子初始质量浓度为10.0 mg/L、吸附60 min的条件下,啤酒酵母菌对锶离子的吸附基本达到平衡.(2)啤酒酵母菌对锶离子的吸附较好地符合Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温式,且以Langmuir吸附等温式拟合效果更优.在吸附温度为25℃、pH为4.5、啤酒酵母菌加入量为2.0 g/L、吸附时间为180 min、锶离子初始质量浓度为5.0~250.0 mg/L的条件下,啤酒酵母菌对锶离子的理论饱和吸附量为29.67 mg/g.(3)啤酒酵母菌吸附锶离子前后的红外图谱显示.部分吸收峰发生了位移并且透过率改变.推断在啤酒酵母菌吸附锶离子的过程中,锶离子先与NH2和酰胺基团中的N原子进行配位络合,随后被络合了的锶作为成核位点再吸附更多的锶离子在表面.此外,蛋白质特征谱带--酰胺Ⅰ带和酰胺Ⅱ带吸收峰的透过率也发生变化,可能是啤酒酵母菌蛋白质上的官能团也结合了锶离子. 相似文献
329.
Distributions, sources and risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in topsoil at Ji’nan city, China 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Surface soil (0-5 cm) samples from 17 sampling sites including different functional areas at Ji'nan city in Shandong Province of China were collected and analyzed for 16 EPA priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The total PAH concentrations were in the range from 1.31 mg kg(-1) to 254.08 mg kg(-1) (dry weight), and the average level of total PAHs was 23.25 mg kg(-1). The highest total PAHs concentrations were found in steel and iron plant at industrial areas. The total PAHs concentrations in industrial areas were markedly higher than those in other different functional areas. According to comparing total PAHs concentration in Ji'nan city to that of other urban areas, it was found that total PAHs concentrations were 6 to 137 times higher than other areas because of some specific sampling sites such as steel and iron plant and one main roadside. The results showed that PAHs in topsoil of Ji'nan city were suffered from strong pyrogenic influence, especially in industrial areas. However about 52.9% soil samples were mainly originated from both pyrogenic and petrogenic mixed sources based on Flu/Pyr ratios and Phe/Ant ratios. Furthermore, It was found that all individual PAHs except Fle were significantly correlated (P < 0.01) with LMW, HMW, total PAHs and SOM, and individual PAHs except Fle in soils were significantly correlated (P < 0.01) with each other. The nemerow composite index to assess the environmental quality showed that the soil sample of steel and iron plant in industrial areas and one main roadside were heavy pollution of PAHs, and about 47% soil sampling sites were safety, about 53% soil sampling sites were got different grades of PAHs pollution. 相似文献
330.