煤及木材燃烧飞灰中有毒金属形态分布

选取３各燃煤产生的飞灰颗粒物和一种燃木产生的飞灰作为研究对象,为了更好地了解颗粒物上有毒金属被浸取进入液相情况,分析３种不同浸取剂（二乙三氯五乙酸（ＤＴＰＡ）、乙二胺四乙酸（ＥＤＴＡ）和氨三乙酸（ＮＴＡ））的提取液中有毒金属Ｐｂ、Ｃｒ、Ｃｏ、Ｎｉ、Ｍｎ、Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｄ、Ａｓ、Ｓｒ等的含量。结果表明,金属浓度因飞灰种类、浸取剂种类及金属本身类型不同而不同。由于颗粒物上金属的生物可利用性、毒性及可流     

超声波技术降解水中氯代有机物的研究进展

介绍了超声波技术的基本原理,概述了超声波和各种超声联用（超声波与紫外光、过氧化氢、臭氧、Fenton试剂等联用）技术降解氯代有机物的效果和影响因素,总结了氯代有机物降解机理与动力学的研究进展,并在此基础上提出了今后超声波及其联用技术降解水中氯代有机物的研究方向。     

生命周期评价在过程工业用水网络设计中的应用

介绍了考虑环境因素的过程工业用水网络设计研究进展,分析了典型的过程工业水系统的特点,肯定了在整个水系统生命周期内考察用水网络设计方案环境效益的重要性,给出了生命周期评价方法在用水网络设计中应用的技术框架。     

环境治理中膜接触器的应用研究

膜接触器可以将膜分离与化工单元操作进行有效结合,是一种先进的高效分离器,可在不同接触的情况下实现相间传质,被广泛应用于废气治理、重金属选择吸收等环境治理中。对此,本文首先对膜接触器的分类原理及结构形式进行介绍,然后对不同膜接触器在环境治理中的应用原理进行分析,并以某废水治理项目为研究对象,对膜接触器在环境治理中的应用方式进行深入研究。     

Dibutyl phthalate adsorption characteristics using three common substrates in aqueous solutions

• DBP adsorption was tested using three kinds of substrates in constructed wetlands. • The DBP adsorption capacity followed the order: steel slag>gravel>shell sand. • High temperatures increased the DBP adsorption capacity in the substrates. • DOM consistently inhibited the DBP adsorption onto steel slag and gravel. In recent years, the presence and adverse impacts of phthalic acid esters in aquatic environments have gained increasing attention. This work investigated the adsorption behavior of a typical phthalic acid ester, dibutyl phthalate (DBP), onto steel slag, gravel, and shell sand (substrates commonly used in constructed wetlands). The influence of dissolved organic matter (DOM) on DBP adsorption was investigated using humic acid as a proxy for DOM. The results demonstrated that the adsorption of DBP to three substrates reached equilibrium within 96 h, and the adsorption kinetics were well fitted by a pseudo-second-order model. The DBP adsorption isotherms were best fitted by the Langmuir adsorption model. The DBP adsorption capacity decreased in the order of steel slag>gravel>shell sand, with values of 656 mg/kg, 598 mg/kg, and 6.62 mg/kg at 25°C, respectively. DBP adsorbed to the surface of all substrates in a monolayer via an endothermic process. The DBP adsorption capacities of steel slag and gravel decreased as the DOM content increased. The DBP adsorption mechanisms to steel slag and gravel mainly involved the surface coordination of DBP with –OH or –COOH groups and electrostatic interactions. The results of this work suggest that steel slag and gravel may be ideal substrates for use in constructed wetlands to treat wastewater polluted with DBP.     

超临界锅炉吹灰调阀改造

某电厂超临界锅炉吹灰调阀在使用过程中长期存在内漏、调节线性差、卡涩以及阀座裂纹等问题,严重影响了吹灰系统的正常运行。针对吹灰调阀存在的内漏以及阀座裂纹问题,分析了产生内漏和阀座裂纹的原因,从阀门结构、阀芯结构、阀门各部件材质、执行机构等方面进行了改造。吹灰调阀改造后,解决了原有阀门存在的内漏、调节线性差、卡涩问题,吹灰系统安全可靠性大幅提升,对同类型锅炉阀门选型及改造有参考意义。     

改性当地土壤湖泊综合修复技术对浮游植物群落变动的影响

采用改性当地土壤湖泊综合修复技术从2008年夏季到2010年夏季连续在太湖十八湾围隔内实施夏季应急除藻工程和春季底泥调控工程,通过连续监测浮游植物的群落变动发现:在2009年,春季和夏季工程后浮游植物门类虽在短时间内减少,但是一个月内均又恢复,而且春季工程在短时间内可以在一定程度上抑制蓝藻的种类和比例的增加,又可提高硅藻和绿藻的种类和比例,这对于春季沉水植被的恢复和抑制蓝藻的复苏都有积极意义;从长时间周年变化来看,春季和夏季工程在围隔内连续实施2年,蓝藻水华暴发周期和暴发规模均呈逐渐缩短趋势。这对于进一步开展蓝藻复苏和蓝藻水华暴发的机理研究和控制技术的研究都有一定的指导意义。     

2种人工湿地的水力停留时间及净化效果

以复合垂直流人工湿地(IVCW)和水平潜流人工湿地(HSCW)为研究对象,研究了2种湿地运行的季节性最佳水力停留时间(HRT)参数,并监测了2种湿地在最佳HRT参数下运行时对污水的净化效果。结果显示:(1)在IVCW中,最佳HRT在春、秋季为8～10 h;夏季为6 h;冬季为12 h。在HSCW中,最佳HRT在春、秋季为10～12 h;夏季为6～8h;冬季为24～36 h。(2)2种湿地对COD的去除率均无显著的季节性差异;湿地进水中NH4+-N/TN比值与TN去除率显著负相关;不同季节下IVCW对TN的去除效果均高于HSCW。(3)水温对TN、TP去除率的影响在IVCW中比HSCW中的明显;水温高时,2种湿地中的TN去除率较高,IVCW中的TP去除率也较高,但HSCW中的TP去除率则较低,它们间均未达到显著的相关性。     

城市污水厂污泥化学调理深度脱水机理

城市污水厂剩余污泥脱水是当前实际生产中亟待解决的问题。考察了厦门市集美污水厂剩余污泥经FeCl3和CaO,投加量分别为污泥质量分数的0.5%～0.7%和1.0%～1.5%化学调理前后污泥粒度、形态及胞外聚合物(extracellular polymeric substances,EPS)的变化。结果表明,调理后污泥比阻降低86%,污泥颗粒之间细碎紧密,细菌表面变得粗糙,经板框压滤后含水率低于60%。由三维荧光光谱(three-dimensional emission and excitation matrixs,EEM)光谱分析可知,LB-EPS(loosely bound-EPS)同TB-EPS(Tightly bound-EPS)的荧光峰整体发生红移,出现位于IV区域的色氨酸类蛋白质荧光峰Ex/Em=313/380 nm。FeCl3和CaO的加入一方面破坏了污泥颗粒的细胞结构,使EPS大量溶出,细胞结合水变成表面吸附水;另一方面Fe3+和CaO水解,中和污泥负电荷,通过压缩双电层作用破坏污泥胶体颗粒的稳定,去除表面吸附水,大幅提高了污泥的脱水性能,利于进一步板框压滤脱水。     

Unusual Salinity Conditions in the Yangtze Estuary in 2006: Impacts of an Extreme Drought or of the Three Gorges Dam?

During the extreme dry year of 2006, abnormal salinity conditions in the Changjiang Estuary of the Yangtze River occurred in partial coincidence with the second impoundment phase of the TGD (Three Gorges Dam). Analysis of discharge observations in the upper reaches of the estuary and of salinity observations in the estuary as a whole reveals that in 2006 salinity was over 100 mg/l during 275 days, over 250 mg/l during 75 days and over 400 mg/l during 48 days. It is well known that this is due to extreme low discharges from the upper catchment area into the estuary. Moreover, large amounts of water consumed along the lower reaches of the Yangtze River can also aggravate the low discharges that lead to stronger saltwater intrusion in the estuary. Of the 75 days that salinity was over 250 mg/l, the low discharge was decreased further by 10 to 20% due to water consumption. The additional impact of the impoundment phase of the TGD (lasting 37 days in autumn) was noticeable only during 7 days in 2006. During that period, the relative contributions of the TGD and the water consumption in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River amounted to 70 and 30%, respectively. It may be concluded that the impact of the second impoundment phase of the TGD on salinity intrusion in the estuary was modest, while the extreme drought of 2006 was the dominant cause.