Size distribution and chemical characteristics of particles from crop residue open burning in North China

Crop residue open burning is an important emission source of ambient particles in China. This study analyzed the particle emission characteristics of crop residue open burning through combustion experiments with a novel open combustion simulation device using three typical crop straws in north China (corn, wheat, and rice). Particle samples size ranging from 0.006–9.890 µm were collected by an Electrical Low Pressure Impactor plus, a high size-resolution instrument capable of dividing particles into 14 size stages. The size distributions of organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), water-soluble ions, and elements were analyzed, and source chemical profiles were constructed for PM_0.1, PM₁, PM_2.5, and PM₁₀. The number concentration of particles was concentrated in the Aiken nuclei mode (0.006–0.054 µm), accounting for 75% of the total number, whereas the mass concentration was concentrated in the accumulation mode (0.054–0.949 µm), accounting for 85.43% of the mass loading. OC, EC, Cl^?, and K(include total K and water-soluble K) were the major chemical components of the particles, whose mass percentage distributions differed from those of other components. These five main components exhibited a bell-shaped size distribution in the 0.006–9.890 µm range, whereas the other components exhibited a U-shaped distribution. Among the chemical profiles for PM_0.1–PM₁₀, OC was the most important component at 10–30%, followed by EC at 2%–8%. The proportions of K⁺, Cl^?, and K varied substantially in different experimental groups, ranging from 0–15%, and K⁺ and Cl^? were significantly correlated (r = 0.878, α = 0.000).     

环保投资统计指标体系构建研究——以青岛市为例

文章在总结分析国内外环境保护投资统计指标的基础上,制定了环保投资统计指标构建原则;以青岛市为例,构建环保投资统计指标体系;并使用构建的指标体系统计分析了青岛市2014~2015年环保投资情况。结果表明,2014~2015年青岛市环保投资总额分别为86.30亿元、90.69亿元,其中,污染治理设施投资是环保投资的主要组成部分,占全市环保投资额度的一半以上。环保设施运行维护费用和生态环境保护投资次之,环境管理投资占比最低。     

2，4，6－三氯酚在土壤－小麦生态系统中的迁移、降解

用GC/ECD法测定土壤－小麦模拟生态系统中,2,4,6－三氯酚（TCP）浓度随时间的变化值,显示出TCP在土壤中的半衰期为3天,在小麦中的半衰期为8天。实验周期以后,土壤、小麦中未检出TCP残留物。假设TCP在系统中的迁移、降解遵循一级动力学过程,用二室系统模型预测了该土壤－小麦系统,土壤和小麦中TCP浓度随时间的变化值,比较TCP浓度的预测值与实验值,说明此模型是可靠的。实验结果为经天津土地处理系统处理后污水的安全回用,提供了科学依据。     

Augmentation of tribenuron methyl removal from polluted soil with Bacillus sp. strain BS2 and indigenous earthworms

Tribenuron methyl (TBM) is a member of the sulfonylurea herbicide family and is widely used worldwide. In this study, TBM-degrading bacteria were enriched with TBM as potential carbon, nitrogen or sulfur source, and 44 bacterial isolates were obtained. These isolates were phylogenetically diverse, and were grouped into 25 operational taxonomic units and 14 currently known genera. Three representatives, Bacillus sp. strain BS2, Microbacterium sp. strain BS3, and Cellulosimicrobium sp. strain BS11, were selected, and their growth and TBM removal from culture broth were investigated. In addition, indigenous earthworms were collected and applied to augment TBM degradation in lab-scale soil column experiments. Results demonstrated that Bacillus sp. strain BS2 and earthworms significantly increased TBM removal during soil column experiments.     

加油站在线监控系统简述与应用展望＊

加油站在线监控装置的正确安装应用是提高油气回收设备正常运行的重要保障,同时也是油气污染控制的有效保证。文章对目前世界上主要在线监控系统进行简述,对美国、德国、中国三国加油站在线监控系统进行分析比较,同时结合上海试点在线监控系统的应用情况和出现的问题,提出了对在线监控系统的应用展望。     

三丁基锡在水-脂质体间的分配行为

测定了不同酸度条件下三丁基锡(TBT)的正辛醇-水分配系数,并用卵磷脂自行制备脂质体代替正辛醇研究了TBT在人工合成生物膜-水间的分配行为.结果表明TBT在正辛醇和脂膜中的分配均随pH的增大而增大.但将二者进行比较,发现在pH＞pK_a时,TBT在二者中的分配比很接近,此时是疏水性TBTOH占优势;但在低pH下,TBT⁺是主要存在形态,其在脂膜中的分配量要大于在正辛醇中的分配量,说明此时用正辛醇来模拟三丁基锡在生物膜中的分配是不合适的.对离子型有机金     

活性组分含量和复合载体对SCR催化剂脱硝活性的影响

采用浸渍法制备V2O5 - WO3/TiO2催化剂,研究了活性组分WO3和V2O5含量对催化剂脱硝活性的影响.在催化剂载体中加入SiO2或Al2O3粉末,考察了复合载体对催化剂性能的影响.实验结果表明:适宜的WO3质量分数为10％,V2O5质量分数为0.50％;在催化剂载体中加入SiO2或Al2O3粉末,一定程度上降低...     

高效离子色谱法同时检测F-、CH3 COO-、HCOO-、C1-离子的方法研究

使用高效离子色谱法(HPIC),一次进样50μL,可在8分钟内完成F-、CH3COO-、HCOO-、Cl-检测;且能用同套系统梯度淋洗完成其他常规阴离子的检测.本文并从最佳洗涤条件的选择、主要影响因素、方法准确度、精密度,方法检出限等方面进行了研究与探讨.     

溴氰菊酯在溶液中的光化学降解

在分别用λ>310nm和λ>295nm的紫外光照射下,溴氰菊酯在正己烷中都经历了三元环顺反异构化,α-碳旋光异构化及酯键断裂。λ>295nm时的光解速率是λ>310nm时的6.3倍,但异构化效率只有后者的78％。波长对异构化平衡组成及光解产物分布具有一定的影响。加入苯乙酮为光敏剂时,光解速率有明显的提高。去溴反应仅能在λ>295nm时发生,但苯乙酮的存在,则反应受到抑制。在λ>295nm时,溴氰菊酯在乙腈-水中的光解速率与在正己烷中的基本相同,但异构化的效率和平衡组成却有差异。在纯水中的光解速率远低于在上述两溶剂中的,但加入少量丙酮时,光解明显加快。不论有否丙酮存在,溴氰菊酯在纯水中均不发生异构化反应。鉴定了19个光解产物,并对光解反应的途径进行了讨论。     

厌氧折流板反应器对有毒有机物冲击负荷的适应性

在厌氧折流板反应器中,以氯酚配水进行毒物冲击负荷试验,进水ＣＯＤ为１１００～１２００ｍ ｇ／Ｌ,ＨＲＴ为１ｄ 时,连续２ｄ 投加五氯酚钠１６．８３～１７．７２ｍ ｇ／Ｌ．结果表明,厌氧污泥依次经历活性抑制阶段及活性恢复阶段．毒物冲击对反应器前段影响较大,对后段危害甚小．产酸菌比产甲烷菌先恢复,污泥活性恢复期为１８～２６ｄ,污泥驯化越好,其活性恢复越快．出水挥发酸和碱度变化也可表征系统恢复的进程