Binding of pyrene to dissolved organic matters: fractionation and characterization

Based on a modified Leenheer DOM fractionation scheme, fractionation of DOM from the paddy soil was conducted by using XAD-8 resin into hydrophobic bases ( HOB), hydrophobic acids ( HOA), acid-insoluble matter ( AIM), hydrophobic neutrals ( HON ) and hydrophilic matter(HIM). In total carbon content of DOM, 35.32% were the HIM and only 0.73% the HOB. However, HOA and AIM altogether occupied 53.45%, while the HON fraction represented 10%. The sorption experiments were conducted to determine the sorption capacity of pyrene on unfractionated DOM and its fractions. Elemental analysis, ^1H-NMR and FTIR spectra were carried out on unfractionated DOM and its fractions to examine the relationship between the structure of DOM and partition coefficients( Kac ). The results showed that HON had a greater affinity for binding pyrene than other fractions. While HON was characterized by large long-chain alkylate (aliphatic structure). AIM exhibited relative higher Kac values than HOA and HIM, due to much aromatic structure in AIM, while the high content of carboxylic groups of HOA and HIM depressed their binding capacity. This study demonstrated HON is a key subcomponents of DOM in binding of pyrene, in other words, aliphalic structure in DOM play an important role in binding of pyrene.     

氨氧化细菌的富集培养及影响因素的研究

采用间歇培养方式,对富集氨氧化细菌的过程进行了研究,并探讨了温度、初始pH值、DO、碱度、进水氨氮浓度对短程硝化作用的影响.实验发现:氨氧化细菌富集完成后,氨氧化速率达到22.8 mg/(L·h),亚硝酸盐积累率在80％左右,氨氧化细菌的数量可提高至富集前的32.6倍.此外,对影响因素的研究发现,当温度30℃、pH=8.5、DO=0.5 mg/L、HCO3-/NH4+-N(摩尔比)=1.67、进水氨氮小于400 mg/L时,有利于实现短程硝化.     

ABR-生物接触氧化工艺处理城市生活垃圾渗滤液

采用ABR反应器与生物接触氧化法相结合的工艺处理城市生活垃圾渗滤液。运行结果表明:该工艺对COD具有较高的去除率,对水力负荷、容积负荷具有较强的抗冲击能力,在处理垃圾渗滤液方面具有一定的工艺先进性。     

电脱盐含油废水除油工艺应用研究

原油电脱盐含油废水由于乳化带油严重,破乳分离困难,处理难度大。文章对目前工业化应用技术成熟的旋流油水分离、化学破乳及电化学3种电脱盐含油废水除油工艺,在工艺流程、工业应用现状、应用效果等几方面进行了对比研究。结果表明,电化学除油工艺具有除油率高、效果稳定、费用低、设备简单、抗冲击力强、占地面积小等优势,除油率和COD去除率大于90%,对悬浮物、胶体、重金属等也有一定的去除效果,具有较好的应用前景。     

多中心治理下公众参与大气污染防治路径探析

动员全社会力量保护环境,积极推动公众参与环保工作,是解决环境保护问题的根本途径。运用多中心治理理论分析,发现政府治污理念陈旧、制度不健全、公众责任意识淡漠、环保社会组织弱小等,是我国大气污染治理中公众参与度低的主要原因,因此提出转变观念、完善机制、加强教育、支持和引导环保社会组织,促进公众参与的多元治理模式的形成,真正推动大气环境质量的改善。     

长三角区域环境污染根源剖析及协同治理对策

当前的长三角区域环境治理尽管取得了一定成效,但其治理成本过高且难以达到持久改善的效果。长三角环境污染的根源在于投资驱动型增长导致的结构性污染锁定,以及低端经济导致的能源升级障碍。因此,环境治理应着眼于区域增长方式转型和环境与发展关系的优化,关键问题在于如何改变经济增长的推动方式与路径依赖,如何在新常态经济格局下寻求新的经济增长点,以及如何协调好不同行政区划之间的利益冲突。当前长三角区域需建立区域一体化的环境协同治理机制,推进能源升级与产业去重化进程,促进地区间错位发展与联动发展,以新型城镇化调动新的增长潜力,结合智慧城市建设转变公共服务供给方式,优化城市布局。     

An Optimization Method Based on Scenario Analysis for Watershed Management Under Uncertainty

In conjunction with socioeconomic development in watersheds, increasingly challenging problems, such as scarcity of water resources and environmental deterioration, have arisen. Watershed management is a useful tool for dealing with these issues and maintaining sustainable development at the watershed scale. The complex and uncertain characteristics of watershed systems have a great impact on decisions about countermeasures and other techniques that will be applied in the future. An optimization method based on scenario analysis is proposed in this paper as a means of handling watershed management under uncertainty. This method integrates system analysis, forecast methods, and scenario analysis, as well as the contributions of stakeholders and experts, into a comprehensive framework. The proposed method comprises four steps: system analyses, a listing of potential engineering techniques and countermeasures, scenario analyses, and the optimal selection of countermeasures and engineering techniques. The proposed method was applied to the case of the Lake Qionghai watershed in southwestern China, and the results are reported in this paper. This case study demonstrates that the proposed method can be used to deal efficiently with uncertainties at the watershed level. Moreover, this method takes into consideration the interests of different groups, which is crucial for successful watershed management. In particular, social, economic, environmental, and resource systems are all considered in order to improve the applicability of the method. In short, the optimization method based on scenario analysis proposed here is a valuable tool for watershed management.     

半导体氧化物超细粉末对Cr(Ⅵ)的光催化还原作用研究

对不同反应条件下ＺｎＯ／ＴｉＯ２超细粉末对水溶液中六价格的还原作用影响进行了研究与对比．结果表明,半导体氧化物ＺｎＯ／ＴｉＯ２对水溶液中六价铬有明显的光催化还原作用,ＺｎＯ比ＴｉＯ２的效果更显著,经９０ｍｉｎ处理后,Ｃｒ（ＶＩ）含量从初始的１００ｍｇ／Ｌ降为０．４７ｍｇ／Ｌ以下;可降解有机物的存在能促进反应的进行,提高六价铬的转化率;随着ｐＨ值的升高,光催化效果减弱．本文还对反应机制和反应速度与反应物浓度的关系,以及废水处理过程中移植（替代）现有Ｃｒ（ＶＩ）处理工艺（还原法）的可能性进行了探讨．     

Effects of sludge age on anaerobic acidification of waste activated sludge: Volatile fatty acids production and phosphorus release

Effects of sludge age on volatile fatty acids (VFAs) production and Phosphorus (P) release during anaerobic acidification of waste activated sludge (WAS) were investigated. Sequencing batch reactors (SBR) fed with simulating domestic sewage were applied to produce WAS of different sludge ages, and batch tests were used for anaerobic acidification. The maximum dissolved total organic carbon, release of  ${\text{PO}}_4^{3+}?\mathrm{P}$, and accumulation of acetate (C2), propionate (C3), butyrate (C4), and valerate (C5) decreased by 56.2%, 55.8%, 52.6%, 43.7%, 82.4% and 84.8%, respectively, as the sludge age of WAS increased from 5 to 40 days. Limited degradation of protein played a dominating role in decreasing DTOC and VFAs production. Moreover, the increase in molecular weight of organics and organic nitrogen content in the supernatant after acidification suggested that the refractory protein in WAS increased as sludge age extended. Although the production of C2, C3, C4, and C5 from WAS decreased as the sludge age increased, the proportions of C2 and C3 in VFAs increased, which might be due to the declined production of C5 from protein and the faded genus Dechlorobacter. Keeping sludge age of WAS at a relatively low level (<10 days) is more appropriate for anaerobic acidification of WAS as internal carbon sources and P resource.     

人体周血中性粒细胞核突与环境污染的关系—357例污染区农民核突的检测

据国内外有关资料报道,人体周血中性粒细胞核突与恶性肿瘤有密切关系。而恶性肿瘤与环境污染有关也是众所周知的.但有关环境污染与中性粒细胞核突关系的研究,国外尚未见报道.国内只有陈丽玑等作过初步报道,并认为环境污染越严重,人的中性粒细胞核突率越高。为进一步探讨中性粒细胞核突与环境污染的关系,以发现人体因持续接触小剂量有害物质而引起的慢性损害,并找出一种能快速、简易、直接检测污染物损害人体健康的早期生物学指标的方法,我们对湖北省鸭儿湖氧化塘周围6个村357例农民的中性粒细胞核突进行了观察.