Effects of different soil pH and nitrogen fertilizers on Bidens pilosa L. Cd accumulation

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Bidens pilosa L. was a Cd hyperaccumulator. This experiment determined the effects of different soil pH (adjusted by weak acid and alkali at 4.83,...     

对加强和改进高校德育教育工作的刍议——基于大学生道德修养状况调查结果的几点思考

本文通过对部分大学生道德修养状况调查资料的分析,说明当前大学生的道德修养状况整体上良好,但也存在一些问题,如在部分学生中出现了个人利己主义和享乐主义倾向,对于一些道德问题的看法,存在着认识上的误区。针对这些问题,本文初步探讨了如何加强和改进高校德育教育工作,包括坚持以人为本理念,增强德育教育工作主动性;着眼学生思想特点,增强德育教育工作针对性;抓好德育方法创新,增强德育教育工作科学性。     

The Forest‐Streamflow Relationship in China: A 40‐Year Retrospect1

Abstract: The relationship between forests and streamflows has long been an important research interest in China. The purpose of this paper is to summarize progress and lessons learned from the forest‐streamflow studies over the past four decades in China. To better measure the research gaps between China and other parts of the world, a brief global review on the findings from paired watershed studies over the past 100 years was also provided. In China, forest management shifted in the later 1990s from timber harvesting to forest restoration. Forest‐streamflow research was accordingly changed from assessing harvesting impacts to evaluating both harvesting and forestation effects. Over the past four decades, Chinese forest hydrology research has grown substantially. Significant progress has been made on measuring individual processes, but little solid, long‐term data were available to assess the relationship between forest changes and streamflows because of an absence of standard paired watersheds. In addition, misuse of statistical analyses was often found in the literature. A unique opportunity exists in China to study the forestation effects on streamflow as several large‐scale forestation programs are being implemented. Such an opportunity should include a robust paired watershed design under an integrated watershed ecosystem framework to avoid repeating the lessons already learned. Recommendations on future forest‐streamflow research directions in China are provided.     

Source identification of PCDD/Fs in agricultural soils near to a Chinese MSWI plant through isomer-specific data analysis

Isomer-specific data were investigated in order to identify the sources of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in agricultural soils, including Fluvo-aquic and paddy soils, in the vicinity of a Chinese municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) plant. Homologue and isomer profiles of PCDD/Fs in soils were compared with those of potential sources, including combustion sources, i.e., MSWI flue gas and fly ash; and the impurities in agrochemicals, such as the pentachlorophenol (PCP), sodium pentachlorophenate (PCP-Na) and 1,3,5-trichloro-2-(4-nitrophenoxy) benzene (CNP). The results showed that the PCDD/F isomer profiles of combustion sources and agricultural soils were very similar, especially for PCDFs, although their homologue profiles varied, indicating that all the isomers within each homologue behave identically in the air and soil. Moreover, factor analysis of the isomer compositions among 33 soil samples revealed that the contamination of PCDD/Fs in agricultural soils near the MSWI plant were primarily influenced by the combustion sources, followed by the PCP/PCP-Na and CNP sources. This implication is consistent with our previous findings based on chemometric analysis of homologue profiles of soil and flue gas samples, and identifies PCP/PCP-Na as an additional important source of PCDD/Fs in the local area. This makes the similarities and differences of isomer profiles between Fluvo-aquic and paddy soils more explainable. It is, therefore, advisable to use isomer-specific data for PCDD/F source identifications where possible.     

有机粘土和粘土对p,p'-DDE的吸附/解吸研究

采用批量平衡实验,研究阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基铵离子(HDTMA)改性的zeo-HDTMA(有机沸石)、mont-HDTMA(有机蒙脱土)和atta-HDTMA(有机凹凸棒土)及其原粘土对典型有机氯农药DDT代谢产物p,p'-DDE的吸附解吸特性.结果表明,随原粘土阳离子交换容量(CEC)的增大,有机粘土吸附量增大,且有机粘土的吸附量比原粘土大大提高;有机粘土和原粘土对p,p'-DDE的吸附能力顺序为:zeo-HDTMA＞mont-HDTMA＞atta-HDTMA≥mont(蒙脱土)＞atta(凹凸棒土)＞zeo(沸石),这一顺序与它们的有机碳质量分数大小顺序一致.原粘土对p,p'-DDE的吸附等温线符合Langmuir吸附等温方程,吸附呈单分子层形式,且存在竞争吸附;有机粘土对p,p'-DDE的吸附等温线符合Linear吸附等温方程,吸附是p,p'-DDE在有机粘土中有机相的分配所致.当CaCl2质量浓度从0增加到50 g/L时,mont-HDTMA对p,p'-DDE吸附量提高了10.3%.有机粘土和原粘土对p,p'-DDE的解吸率大小顺序为:zeo＞atta＞mont＞atta-HDTMA＞mont-HDTMA＞zeo-HDTMA,这一顺序与它们的有机碳质量分数大小顺序相反.     

蒽醌染料及中间体脱色优势菌的特性研究和基因定位

本文对分离到的两株蒽醌染料脱色优势菌的脱色能力及其基因定位进行了研究,结果表明,ＮＤ１,ＮＤ２均能有效脱除活性艳蓝ＫＮ－Ｒ及溴氨酸的色度;两株优势菌均含有质粒,其降解染料的能力是由质粒控制的;并考察了不同碳源、氧、温度、ｐＨ值等理化因素对菌株降解染料的影响。     

蒽醌染料及其中间体絮凝菌的特性

本文研究所分离到的真菌ＮＸ１对蒽醌染料ＫＮＲ及其中间体溴氨酸的作用,并考察营养条件、体系ＰＨ等对ＮＸ１的生长及絮凝作用的影响,结果表明,ＮＺ１及溴氨酸有很好的絮絮凝效果,对ＰＨ的适应范围广,最佳碳、氮源分别为蔗粮主尿素。     

燃煤锅炉除尘脱硫技术应用研究

通过对江汉油田现有锅炉及烟气治理状况的调查,分析找出存在的问题是：设备腐蚀严重及现有设备脱硫效率低。针对这种情况进行了新技术开发,克服现有装置的缺点。简述了技术原理及主要装置（喷雾脱硫塔与湿式除尘器）和工艺流程：吸收剂制备系统、烟气净化系统及废渣排出系统;对此技术的实验表明：外排烟气中烟尘浓度为１５２ｍｇ／ｍ３,ＳＯ２浓度为１４２ｍｇ／ｍ３,脱除效率分别达到９６．５９％和８０．０２％,达到预期效果     

Life-cycle assessment of two sewage sludge-to-energy systems based on different sewage sludge characteristics: Energy balance and greenhouse gas-emission footprint analysis

Anaerobic digestion and incineration are widely used sewage sludge(SS) treatment and disposal approaches to recovering energy from SS, but it is difficult to select a suitable technical process from the various technologies. In this study, life-cycle assessments were adopted to compare the energy-and greenhouse gas-(GHG) emission footprints of two sludge-to-energy systems. One system uses a combination of AD with incineration(the AI system),whereas the other was simplified by direct incineration...     

汶川8.0级地震都江堰市天然气系统震害分析及救灾过程

四川都江堰市地处龙门山主山前边界大断裂上,在汶川8.0级地震烈度分布图中属于Ⅸ度区,是地震受灾最严重的城市之一。作为城市生命线的天然气供应链在本次地震中遭遇了一定的破坏。通过对都江堰市天然气系统的基本构成、震害情况以及应急救灾过程等的调查与整理,对都江堰燃气系统中门站、CNG加气站、中压配气管网及低压配气支管各组成部分在地震中的震害情况进行了分析,对震后的应急处置措施、供气恢复策略及灾后重建工作进行了综述,总结了汶川地震中都江堰天然气系统的应灾经验及救灾环节中的不足之处,并就如何提高燃气系统的抗震应灾能力提出建议。