全文获取类型
收费全文 | 5044篇 |
免费 | 140篇 |
国内免费 | 63篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 280篇 |
废物处理 | 174篇 |
环保管理 | 1276篇 |
综合类 | 550篇 |
基础理论 | 1381篇 |
环境理论 | 8篇 |
污染及防治 | 1028篇 |
评价与监测 | 320篇 |
社会与环境 | 175篇 |
灾害及防治 | 55篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 61篇 |
2022年 | 60篇 |
2021年 | 57篇 |
2020年 | 65篇 |
2019年 | 69篇 |
2018年 | 127篇 |
2017年 | 137篇 |
2016年 | 181篇 |
2015年 | 123篇 |
2014年 | 161篇 |
2013年 | 418篇 |
2012年 | 235篇 |
2011年 | 317篇 |
2010年 | 207篇 |
2009年 | 238篇 |
2008年 | 269篇 |
2007年 | 258篇 |
2006年 | 231篇 |
2005年 | 199篇 |
2004年 | 186篇 |
2003年 | 152篇 |
2002年 | 140篇 |
2001年 | 96篇 |
2000年 | 95篇 |
1999年 | 69篇 |
1998年 | 75篇 |
1997年 | 60篇 |
1996年 | 66篇 |
1995年 | 78篇 |
1994年 | 76篇 |
1993年 | 68篇 |
1992年 | 60篇 |
1991年 | 41篇 |
1990年 | 35篇 |
1989年 | 40篇 |
1988年 | 30篇 |
1987年 | 40篇 |
1986年 | 40篇 |
1985年 | 40篇 |
1984年 | 45篇 |
1983年 | 45篇 |
1982年 | 55篇 |
1981年 | 43篇 |
1980年 | 33篇 |
1979年 | 16篇 |
1978年 | 29篇 |
1977年 | 16篇 |
1976年 | 13篇 |
1975年 | 8篇 |
1971年 | 9篇 |
排序方式: 共有5247条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
971.
David Moncoulon Anne Probst Liisa Martinson 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2007,7(1-3):307-316
To evaluate the acid deposition reduction negotiated for 2010 within the UNECE LRTAP Gothenburg Protocol, sulphur and nitrogen
deposition time-series (1880–2100) were compared to critical loads of acidity on five French ecosystems: Massif Central basalt
(site 1) and granite (2); Paris Bassin tertiary sands (3); Vosges mountains sandstone (4) and Landes eolian sands (5). The
SAFE model was used to estimate the response of soil solution pH and ratio to the deposition scenario. Among the five sites, critical loads were exceeded in the past at sites 3, 4 and 5. Sites
3 and 4 were still expected to exceed in 2010, the Protocol year. Further reduction of atmospheric deposition, mainly nitrogen,
would be needed to achieve recovery on these ecosystems. At sites 3, 4 and 5, the delay between the critical load exceedance
and the violation of the critical chemical criterion was estimated to be 10 to 30 years in the top soil and 50 to 90 years
in the deeper soil. At site 5, a recovery was expected in the top soil in 2010 with a time lag of 10 years. Unexpectedly,
soil pH continued to decrease after 1980 in the deeper soil at sites 2 and 5. This time lag indicated that acidification moved
down the soil profile as a consequence of slow base cation depletion by ion exchange. This delayed response of the soil solution
was the result of the combination of weathering rates and vegetation uptake but also of the relative ratio between base cation
deposition and acid compounds. 相似文献
972.
Danny Reible David Lampert David Constant Robert D. Mutch Jr. Yuewei Zhu 《补救:环境净化治理成本、技术与工艺杂志》2006,17(1):39-53
An active capping demonstration project in Washington, D.C., is testing the ability to place sequestering agents on contaminated sediments using conventional equipment and evaluating their subsequent effectiveness relative to conventional passive sand sediment caps. Selected active capping materials include: (1) AquaBlokTM, a clay material for permeability control; (2) apatite, a phosphate mineral for metals control; (3) coke, an organic sequestration agent; and (4) sand material for a control cap. All of the materials, except coke, were placed in 8,000‐ft test plots by a conventional clamshell method during March and April 2004. Coke was placed as a 1.25‐cm layer in a laminated mat due to concerns related to settling of the material. Postcap sampling and analysis were conducted during the first, sixth, and eighteenth months after placement. Although postcap sampling is expected to continue for at least an additional 24 months, this article summarizes the results of the demonstration project and postcap sampling efforts up to 18 months. Conventional clamshell placement was found to be effective for placing relatively thin (six‐inch) layers of active material. The viability of placing high‐value or difficult‐to‐place material in a controlled manner was successfully demonstrated with the laminated mat. Postcap monitoring indicates that all cap materials effectively isolated contaminants, but it is not yet possible to differentiate between conventional sand and active cap layer performance. Monitoring of the permeability control layer indicated effective reductions in groundwater seepage rates through the cap, but also showed the potential for gas accumulation and irregular release. All of the cap materials show deposition of new contaminated sediment onto the surface of the caps, illustrating the importance of source control in maintaining sediment quality. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
973.
The RESRAD‐BUILD and RESRAD computer codes were used for dose assessment of the 105‐C Process Water Tunnels at the Hanford Site. The evaluation assessed three different exposure scenarios: recreational use, tunnel maintenance worker, and residential use. The recreationist and maintenance worker scenarios were evaluated by using RESRAD‐BUILD, a computer model for analyzing the radiological doses resulting from remediation and occupancy of structures contaminated with radioactive material. The recreationist was assumed to use the tunnels as an overnight shelter for eight hours per day for one week. The maintenance worker was assumed to spend 20 hours per year working in the the tunnel. Six exposure pathways were considered for both scenarios in dose assessment. The gradual removal of surface contamination over time and ingrowth of decay products were considered in calculating the dose at different times. The maximum dose would occur immediately after the release and was estimated to be 1.9 mrem/yr for the recreationist and 0.9 mrem/yr for the maintenance worker. The residential scenario was evaluated by using the probabilistic RESRAD code. It was assumed that total activity from the tunnels would be brought into the near‐surface layer by future human activities. Eight exposure pathways were considered. The maximum yearly dose for this very unlikely scenario would occur immediately after the release and was less than 4 mrem/yr for the maximally exposed individual. The assessment demonstrates that both codes are suitable for nuclear facility decontamination and decommissioning sites, where buildings and structures with residual radioactivity must be evaluated to facilitate property transfer or release. 相似文献
974.
Ian D. Leith Lucy J. Sheppard David Fowler J. Neil Cape Matt Jones Alan Crossley Ken J. Hargreaves Y. Sim Tang Mark Theobald Mark R. Sutton 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2005,4(6):207-218
Providing an accurate estimate of the dry component of N deposition to low N background, semi-natural habitats, such as bogs and upland moors dominated by Calluna vulgaris is difficult, but essential to relate nitrogen deposition to effects in these communities. To quantify the effects of NH3 inputs to moorland vegetation growing on a bog at a field scale, a field release NH3 fumigation system was established at Whim Moss (Scottish Borders) in 2002. Gaseous NH3 from a line source was released along of a 60 m transect, when meteorological conditions (wind speed >2.5 m s?1 and wind direction in the sector 180–215°) were met, thereby providing a profile of decreasing NH3 concentration with distance from the source. In a complementary study, using a NH3 flux chamber system, the relationships between NH3 concentrations and cuticular resistances were quantified for a range of NH3 concentrations and micrometeorological conditions for moorland vegetation. Cuticular resistances increased with NH3 concentration from 11 s m?1 at 3.0 μg m?3 to 30 s m?1 at 30 μg m?3. The NH3 concentration data and the concentration-dependent canopy resistance are used to calculate NH3 deposition taking into account leaf surface wetness. The implications of using an NH3 concentration-dependent cuticular resistance and the importance for refining critical loads are discussed. 相似文献
975.
Michael Greenberg Joanna Burger Michael Gochfeld David Kosson Karen Lowrie Henry Mayer Charles W. Powers Conrad D. Volz Vikram Vyas 《补救:环境净化治理成本、技术与工艺杂志》2005,16(1):91-105
This article discusses creating a sustainably protective engineered and human management system in perpetuity for sites with long‐lived radiological and chemical hazards. This is essential at this time because the federal government is evaluating its property as assets and attempting to reduce its holdings, while seeking to assure that health and ecosystems are not put at risk. To assist those who have a stake in the remediation, management, and stewardship of these and analogous privately owned sites, this article discusses current end‐state planning by reviewing the federal government's accelerated efforts to reduce its footprint and how those efforts relate to sustainability. The article also provides a list of questions organized around six elements of risk management and primary, secondary, and tertiary disease and injury prevention. Throughout the article, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is used as an example of an organization that seeks to reduce its footprint, manage its budget, and be a steward of the sites that it is responsible for. However, the approach and questions are appropriate for land controlled by the Department of Defense (DOD), the General Services Administration (GSA), and other public and private owners of sites with residual contamination. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
976.
977.
Christopher?H.?SchillingEmail author Piotr?Tomasik David?S.?Karpovich Bruce?Hart Jagdeep?Garcha Paul?T.?Boettcher 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2005,13(3):203-211
Corn distillers’ dry grain, corncob powder, hardwood powder, and sugar beet pulp were separately anionized by oxidation with sodium hypochlorite in aqueous solution. Solid reaction products instantly precipitated upon admixing each of the above-oxidized materials with soy protein isolate. Infrared spectra and differential scanning calorimetry supported the hypothesis that soy protein isolate complexed with all of the above-oxidized polysaccharides. Reaction products with either oxidized corn distillers’ dry grain or oxidized sugar beet pulp provided hard, brittle pellets with tensile strengths as high as 9.5 MPa, suggesting that these materials could be viable as biodegradable plastics. 相似文献
978.
A lack of resources for post-disaster housing reconstruction significantly limits the prospects for successful recovery. Following the earthquake in Wenchuan, China, in May 2008, housing reconstruction was not immune to resource shortages and price inflation. Difficulties in sourcing materials and labour considerably impeded recovery. This paper provides evidence of the resourcing bottlenecks inherent in the post-Wenchuan earthquake reconstruction process. Its aim is to present an integrated planning framework for managing resources for post-disaster housing rebuilding. The results are drawn from in-field surveys that highlight the areas where stakeholders need to concentrate effort, including revising legislation and policy, enhancing capacity for rebuilding in the construction industry, strengthening the transportation network, restructuring market mechanisms, and incorporating environmental considerations into overall planning. Although the case study presented here is country-specific, it is hoped that the findings provide a basis for future research to identify resourcing constraints and solutions in other disaster contexts. 相似文献
979.
The role of natural disaster in individual and relational adjustment in Sri Lankan mothers following the 2004 tsunami 下载免费PDF全文
Alyssa Banford David C. Ivey Thulitha Wickrama Judith Fischer Anne Prouty Douglas Smith 《Disasters》2016,40(1):134-157
The purpose of this study is to examine the associations between maternal mental health distress symptoms, including depression and post‐traumatic stress disorder, the extent to which the presence of a child's disaster‐related physical health problem(s) have interfered with daily functioning, and family cohesion over time among Sri Lankan mothers who survived the tsunami on 26 December 2004. Study variables were measured using a self‐report questionnaire administered approximately four months after the event and three years later in summer 2008. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were conducted. Path analysis was employed to assess the relationships between the key variables over time and the correlations in the study variables at each time point. Among other findings, the results of the path analysis indicated that post‐traumatic stress symptom distress four months after the disaster significantly predicted variance in family cohesion three years later. Clinical and empirical research implications are presented and discussed. 相似文献
980.
用人工湿地处理乳制品厂废水的研究 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
在进水COD浓度400mg/L-800mg/L,温度15℃-23℃时,人工湿地装置处理乳制品加工废水的COD去除率达97%-98%,面积负荷率达23.3g/(m^2.d)-28.2g(m^2.d),BOD5的去除率达97%-99%,BOD5的面积负荷率为12.6g(m^2.d)-17.2g(m^2.d),几乎70%-90%COD和BOD5去除率发生在进水沟段。 相似文献