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441.
The bio-briquette technique which mixes coal, biomass and sulfur fixation agent and bio-briquettes under 3-5 t/cm^2 line pressure has aroused people‘s attention in view of controlling the air pollution and the acid rain. In this paper, the physicochemical properties of bio-briquette and its ash were investigated. And the acid soil was improved by the bio-briquette combustion ash, which contained nutritive substances such as P, N, K and had the acid-neutralizing capacity(ANC). The pH, EC, effective nutrient elements(Ca, Mg, K, P and N), heavy metal elements(AI, Cu, Cd, Cr, Zn and Mn) and acid-neutralizing capacity change of ash-added soils within the range of 0-10%, were also studied. Specially, when 5% bio-briquette combustion ash was added to the tested soil, the content of the effective elements such as Ca, Mg and K rose by 100 times, ? times and twice, respectively. The total nitrogen also increased by about twice. The results showed the oxyanions such as that of AI, Cu, Cd, Cr, Zn and Mn were not potentially dangerous, because they were about the same as the averages of them in Chinese soil. It is shown that the ANC became stronger, though the ANC hardly increases in the ash-added soil. On the basis of the evaluation indices, it is concluded that the best mixture ratio is to add 2.5%--8% of the bio-briquette combustion ash to the tested soil. 相似文献
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Pb adsorption capacities of Fe oxide, Mn oxide and organic materials in natural surface coatings (biofilms and associated minerals) collected in three lakes, two ponds and a river in Jilin Province, China and Cayuga Lake in US were studied. A novel extraction technique was employed to remove one or more component(s) from the surface coatings. Pb adsorption to surface coatings before and after extraction was performed to determine the adsorptive properties of the extracted component(s). The statistical analysis of observed Pb adsorption was carried out using nonlinear least squares fitting (NLSF) to estimate the Pb adsorption capacity of each component of surface coatings. For each body of water, the estimated Pb adsorption capacity of Mn oxide( mol Pb/mol Mn) was significantly higher than that of Fe oxide( mol Pb/ mol Fe). The value of estimated adsorption capacities of organic materials with the unit mol Pb per kg COD was similar to or less than that of Fe oxides with the unit mol Pb per mol Fe. Comparison of components of surface coatings in different waters showed that the estimated Pb adsorption capacities of components in surface coatings developed in different natural waters were different,especially for Mn oxides. 相似文献
445.
本文主要报道了一种用于染料废水处理的新型材料即新生态MnO2 及其对三种酸性媒介染料染色废水的脱色作用及影响脱色效果的主要因素。研究结果表明 ,新生态MnO2 对酸性媒介染料的吸附能力很强 ,当染料浓度为2 0 0mg/L、pH <2时 ,其对酸性媒介黑T、酸性媒介绿G和酸性媒介黄GG的脱色率分别达 98.2 %、94.5 %和 96 .4%。染料吸附效果受体系pH值、MnO2 投加量、吸附时间及温度等因素的影响 ,其中pH值是最主要的影响因素。新生态MnO2 对酸性媒介黄GG的吸附作用符合Langmuir吸附等温式 相似文献
446.
目的 研究AlN覆铜板在盐雾环境下的性能退化及其微观机制。方法 采用交替喷雾和干燥方法对AlN覆铜板进行15周期的中性盐雾试验,并在第1、3、6、10、15周期时检测其相关性能。主要通过击穿电压测试、介电性能测试和导热性能测试等方法,分别评价AlN覆铜板的电绝缘特性、介电损耗及导热系数,并通过扫描电镜和能谱测试对试样表面/截面微观形貌和元素变化进行分析。结果 AlN覆铜板导热系数和击穿电压随盐雾试验周期的增长而逐渐退化,最大退化率分别为13.2%和73.8%。介电损耗明显增加,盐雾试验15周期后,在低频区域的最大值约为1.3。Cu电极发生明显腐蚀,生成大量绿色腐蚀产物,导致表面Ni-P镀层脱落失效。H2O分子扩散进入AlN陶瓷内部,在局部区域造成陶瓷水解,逐渐形成微裂纹。结论 盐雾试验过程中,Ni-P镀层逐渐开裂剥落,Cu电极表面最终形成大面积疏松多孔的腐蚀产物层。H2O、Cl–、Na+等逐渐溶解扩散进入AlN陶瓷,导致陶瓷中空位、裂纹、杂质缺陷浓度增加,二者都会增强导热过程中的声子-缺陷散... 相似文献
447.
纵向通风隧道内火灾温度场分布规律研究 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
以狮子洋水下特长隧道为工程背景,利用CFD数值模拟软件FDS 4.01,建立隧道实体物理模型,进行火灾数值模拟分析。研究了列车火灾热释放功率为15 MW、不同坡度、不同纵向通风风速下,该类隧道内拱顶附近和2 m高处温度场的纵向分布规律,以及各工况下拱顶的最高温度,并分析其对隧道结构防火和人员疏散救援的影响。结果表明:随隧道坡度的增大,在同一通风速率下的烟气回流长度逐渐减小,但随着风速的加大,坡度对烟气回流的影响逐渐减弱;随着通风风速的增大,火区附近的温度下降,而沿程温度上升,纵向通风速率越大,拱顶温度越低。 相似文献
448.
Spatial Relationships of Levees and Wetland Systems within Floodplains of the Wabash Basin,USA
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Ryan R. Morrison Erin Bray Fernando Nardi Antonio Annis Quan Dong 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2018,54(4):934-948
Given the unique biogeochemical, physical, and hydrologic services provided by floodplain wetlands, proper management of river systems should include an understanding of how floodplain modifications influence wetland ecosystems. The construction of levees can reduce river–floodplain connectivity, yet it is unclear how levees affect wetlands within floodplains, let alone the cumulative impacts within an entire watershed. This paper explores spatial relationships between levee and floodplain wetland systems in the Wabash Basin, United States. We used a hydrogeomorphic floodplain delineation technique to map floodplain extents and identify wetlands that may be hydrologically connected to river networks. We then spatially examined the relationship between levee presence, wetland area, and other river network attributes within discrete subbasins. Our results show that cumulative wetland area is relatively constant in subbasins that contain levees, regardless of maximum stream order within the subbasin. In subbasins that do not contain levees, cumulative wetland area increases with maximum stream order. However, we found that wetland distributions around levees can be complex, and further studies on the influence of levees on wetland habitat may need to consider finer resolution spatial scales. 相似文献
449.
Peatland is an efficient carbon dioxide (CO2) sink on the continent and plays an important role in global carbon cycle. Climate change and human activities, two of the notable global environmental issues, have accelerated the degradation of peatlands during recent years. Global warming will increase the rate of aerobic decomposition in the surface of peatlands. Carbon stored in the subsurface of peatlands will be metabolized if the climatic conditions become favorable for decomposition. This study reviewed the carbon circle of subsurface peatland in natural environment and in environments disturbed by human activity or climate change. Furthermore, the major factors (environmental and human factors) that affect the carbon cycle were also discussed. According to a previous study, subsurface peatland will rapidly participate in the carbon cycle when the peatland is degraded. Water level, vegetation, and temperature were the main natural factors affecting the carbon cycle, whereas drainage, farming, and grazing were the main anthropogenic factors. Further studies should focus on different soil layer carbon dynamics, inorganic carbon content, and conservation and restoration of peatlands. The study methods should be a combination of macro with micro scale and focus on developing deep peat research techniques. Most of the previous studies focused on greenhouse gas emission and their response factors in short-term experiments. Thus, the mechanism and process of subsurface carbon are not clear and needs further study. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved. 相似文献
450.
分别采用传统的Fe2+活化过硫酸钠(Na2S2O8)氧化和铁碳强化Na2S2O8氧化两种方法修复模拟机油污染土壤。实验结果表明:对于传统Fe2+-Na2S2O8体系,在Na2S2O8投加量为3.0%(w)、FeSO4·7H2O投加量为0.6%(w)的优化条件下,土壤中总石油烃(TPH)的去除率仅为33.12%;而对于Fe0-C-Na2S2O8体系,在Na2S2O8投加量为1.0%(w)、还原铁粉和活性炭的投加量均为0.1%(w)的优化条件下,土壤中TPH的去除率为42.99%;Fe0-C-Na2S2O8体系较Fe2+-Na2S2O8体系对土壤具有更好的修复效果,且Na2S2O8的投加量减少了2/3。此外,Fe0-C-Na2S2O8体系较Fe2+-Na2S2O8体系对土壤pH的影响小,在实际应用中可适当提高铁粉的投加量来减小Na2S2O8对土壤pH的影响。 相似文献