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101.
Du YB Lee CT Christina D Belfer ML Betancourt TS O'Rourke EJ Palfrey JS 《Disasters》2012,36(3):495-513
The tsunami that struck South-east Asia on 26 December 2004 left more than 500,000 people in Aceh, Indonesia, homeless and displaced to temporary barracks and other communities. This study examines the associations between prolonged habitation in barracks and the nature of fears reported by school-age children and adolescents. In mid-2007, 30 months after the tsunami, the authors interviewed 155 child and parent dyads. Logistic regression analysis was used to compare the fears reported by children and adolescents living in barracks with those reported by their peers who were living in villages. After adjusting for demographic factors and tsunami exposure, the data reveals that children and adolescents living in barracks were three times more likely than those living in villages to report tsunami-related fears. The study demonstrates that continued residence in barracks 30 months after the tsunami is associated with higher rates of reporting tsunami-related fears, suggesting that barracks habitation has had a significant impact on the psychological experience of children and adolescents since the tsunami. 相似文献
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在硫酸系统中,通过水平衡分析计算烟气带入净化工序的SO2体积分数和含水量,确定净化工序的能力,控制干燥塔进口烟气温度,使干吸工序生产出合格产品;通过计算,烟气带入净化工序的水量小于产品带出的水量,制酸净化污水经过污水处理工序处理后返回到净化工序重复使用,实现净化污水零排放,消除对环境的污染. 相似文献
104.
Xinhua Wang Jingmei Li Xiufen Li Guocheng Du 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2011,5(4):615-622
Among the numerous parameters affecting the membrane bioreactor (MBR) performance, the aeration intensity is one of the most
important factors. In the present investigation, an anoxic/aerobic-type (A/O-type) sequencing batch MBR system, added anoxic
process as a pretreatment to improve the biodegradability of azo dye wastewater, was investigated under different aeration
intensities and the impact of the aeration intensity on effluent quantity, sludge properties, extracellular polymeric substances
(EPS) amount generated as well as the change of permeation flux were examined. Neither lower nor higher aeration intensities
could improve A/O-type sequencing batch MBR performances. The results showed 0.15 m3·h−1 aeration intensity was promising for treatment of azo dye wastewater under the conditions examined. Under this aeration intensity,
chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonium nitrogen and color removal as well as membrane flux amounted to 97.8%, 96.5%, 98.7%
and 6.21 L·m−2·h−1, respectively. The effluent quality, with 25.0 mg·L−1COD, 0.84 mg·L−1 ammonium nitrogen and 8 chroma, could directly meet the reuse standard in China. In the meantime, the sludge relative hydrophobicity,
the bound EPS, soluble EPS and EPS amounts contained in the membrane fouling layer were 70.3%, 52.0 mg·g−1VSS, 38.8 mg·g−1VSS and 90.8 mg·g−1VSS, respectively, which showed close relationships to both pollutant removals and membrane flux. 相似文献
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107.
某湿地生态保护区水体中铜的生态风险评价及管理限值研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
铜是生物必需的微量元素,但过量暴露会对生物产生毒害效应。针对我国南方城市某湿地生态保护区水体重金属污染问题,参照《澳大利亚和新西兰淡水和海水水质指南》,应用物种敏感度分布(speeies sensitivity distribution,SSD)方法和联合概率曲线(joint probability curve,JPC)方法评价水体中铜的生态风险评价,在此基础上提出水体中铜浓度的管理限值。根据该湿地生态保护区生物调查历史数据以及其他文献数据,整理了415个本地物种的清单,通过美国环境保护署ECOTOX数据库以及其他文献共获取了13个物种的毒性数据,构建了Weibull分布、对数正态分布、正态分布、对数Logistic分布、Logistic分布、BurrⅢ型分布和Gumbel分布等7个SSD模型。结果表明,利用13个本地物种铜毒性数据构建的SSD模型具有合理性,不同模型计算得到的湿地生态保护区水体中铜的总体风险期望值为0.054~0.121。其中,BurrⅢ型分布模型的拟合效果最好,据此推导得到以保护水生生态系统为目标的铜的高可靠性与中等可靠性触发值分别为2.55μg·L~(-1)和1.41μg·L~(-1)。考虑到管理目标的可达性和现状的生态风险水平,提出该湿地生态保护区水体中铜浓度的管理限值为3μg·L~(-1)。 相似文献
108.
Peng Du Jianguo Liu Huaqiao Gui Jiaoshi Zhang Tongzhu Yu Jie Wang Yin Cheng Yihuai Lu Yawei Yao Qiang Fu ChihChieh Chen 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2020,32(1):238-249
PM_(2.5) separator directly affects the accuracy of PM_(2.5) sampling.The specification testing and evaluation for PM_(2.5) separator is particularly important,especially under China's wide variation of terrain and climate.In this study,first a static test apparatus based on polydisperse aerosol was established and calibrated to evaluate the performance of the PM_(2.5) separators.A uniform mixing chamber was developed to make particles mix completely.The aerosol concentration relative standard deviations of three test points at the same horizontal chamber position were less than 0.57%,and the particle size distribution obeyed logarithmic normal distribution with an R~2 of 0.996.The flow rate deviation between the measurement and the set point flow rate agreed to within ± 1.0% in the range of -40 to 50℃.Secondly,the separation,flow and loading characteristics of three cyclone separators(VSCC-A,SCC-A and SCC112) were evaluated using this system.The results showed that the 50% cutoff sizes(D_(50)) of the three cyclones were 2.48,2.47 and 2.44 μm when worked at the manufacturer's recommended flow rates,respectively.The geometric standard deviation(GSD) of the capture efficiency of VSCCA was 1.23,showed a slightly sharper than SCC-A(GSD = 1.27),while the SCC112 did not meet the relevant indicator(GSD = 1.2 ± 0.1) with a GSD = 1.44.The flow rate and loading test had a great effect on D_(50),while the GSD remained almost the same as before.In addition,the maintenance frequency under different air pollution conditions of the cyclones was summarized according to the loading test. 相似文献
109.
Dan Du 《中国人口.资源与环境(英文版)》2017,15(3):226-238
The present study aims to better understand the relationship between energy intensity and its determinants including energy price, technological progress, economic structure, and energy mix using the autoregressive distributed lag(ARDL) bounds approach and vector error correction model technique. Based on China's time series over 1985-2014, the ARDL bounds approach yields empirical evidence that confirms the existence of long run relationship between energy price, technological progress, economic structure, energy mix, and energy intensity. The results show that technological progress is an important driver for the declining energy intensity in short and long run. Energy price has not been demonstrated as an important role in decreasing energy intensity in the short run. The high share of coal use in total energy use may be responsible for China's high energy intensity.However, the relative change in economic sectors plays a minor role in energy intensity reduction during the past years. In the long run, technological progress, energy mix and energy prices Granger cause energy intensity, but not vice versa except for the energy mix. 相似文献
110.
中国大部分污水处理厂目前均采用二级处理工艺,主要去除碳源污染物,而消解氮、磷类污染物的效果较差.在传统二级处理工艺基础上,对中水进行三级深度处理,BOD5、SS以及COD类污染物去除效果明显,但运行成本较高,处理量受限.人工构造湿地利用基质-植物-微生物复合生态系统的物理、化学和生物的三重协同作用,通过过滤、吸附与沉淀等作用,以及微生物同化分解和植物吸收转化等途径,可有效去除污水中的氮、磷、SS、有机物及重金属等污染物,且具有低投资、低运转费、低维持成本等特点. 相似文献