Effects of penconazole enantiomers exposure on hormonal disruption in zebrafish Danio rerio (Hamilton, 1822)

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - PEN is a widely used triazole fungicide, usually used to control grape white rot. In the process of agricultural use, PEN will be scattered to the...     

不同污染区巨菌草生物炭内源污染物分布及其生物毒性

由于生物质原料来源广泛,缺乏生物炭内源污染物及其用量限制标准,极有可能将含有高内源污染物的生物炭用于环境修复,产生潜在的环境风险.采用清洁区、中度和重度污染区的巨菌草为原料制备生物炭,考察其内源铜（Cu）和镉（Cd）全量及其酸溶态含量和持久性自由基（PFRs）分布,并研究生物炭浸出液对小麦根伸长抑制率和抗氧化酶活性的影响.结果表明,重度污染区九牛生物炭Cu和中度污染区水泉生物炭中Cd含量分别是清洁区红壤生物炭Cu和Cd的3.73倍和4.43倍,九牛生物炭中酸溶态Cu含量分别是水泉和红壤生物炭的3.32倍和2.84倍,水泉和九牛生物炭中酸溶态Cd含量分别是红壤生物炭的7.95倍和5.11倍.3种生物炭中均含有相邻氧原子以碳为中心的PFRs,表现为：红壤>九牛>水泉.3种生物炭浸出液对小麦根伸长均表现为抑制作用,但均不同程度地提高了小麦幼苗超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性,其中九牛生物炭浸出液对小麦根伸长抑制率最高,达到27.7%.本研究表明,生物炭中内源重金属及PFRs等污染物的共同作用对小麦幼苗产生了显著的生物毒性,后期的研究需关注生物炭内源污染物的潜在环境风险,避免产生二次污染等环境问题.     

Prenatal assessment of pulmonary vasculature development in fetuses with congenital diaphragmatic hernia: A literature review

Pathophysiological studies have shown that pulmonary vascular development is impaired in fetuses with a congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), leading to a simplified vascular tree and increased vascular resistance. Multiple studies have described prenatal ultrasound parameters for the assessment of the pulmonary vasculature, but none of these parameters are used in daily clinical practice. We provide a comprehensive review of the literature published between January 1990 and February 2022 describing these parameters, and aim to explain the clinical relevance of these parameters from what is known from pathophysiological studies. Prenatal detection of a smaller diameter of the contralateral (i.e. contralateral to the diaphragmatic defect) first branch of the pulmonary artery (PA), higher pulsatility indices (PI), higher peak early diastolic reverse flow values, and a lower vascularization index seem of added value for the prediction of survival and, to a lesser extent, morbidity. Integration within the routine evaluation is complicated by the lack of uniformity of the methods used. To address the main components of the pathophysiological changes, we recommend future prenatal studies in CDH with a focus on PI values, PA diameters and pulmonary vascular branching.     

航空发动机成附件橡胶件的“积木式”试验设计

在飞机结构"积木式"试验的基础上,提出了针对航空发动机成附件橡胶件元件级、模拟件级、工装级和系统级试样的四级"积木式"试验.明确了各级试验的试验对象、主要任务、试验目的和基本试验思路.提出了在系统级试验的开展中,保证橡胶件的结构状态、安装状态与实际工作情况一致的方法,以及"工况谱"编制的主要内容.将"积木式"试验流程应用到橡胶材料中,为新型航空发动机成附件橡胶件的设计研制提供帮助.     

某地加油站土壤地下水现状调查与分析

通过对某地10个加油站所在场地土壤及地下水现场采样、实验室检测,分析加油站对土壤与地下水污染原因,结合国家政策法规以及加油站土壤地下水调查现状,针对加油站污染状况提出加强加油站土壤及地下水污染隐患排查力度、强化加油站土壤地下水方面日常管理、污染加油站风险管控及修复工作、加快推进防渗池及双层罐等设施改造工作等建议。     

Disinfection byproducts in chlorinated or brominated swimming pools and spas: Role of brominated DBPs and association with mutagenicity

Although the health benefits of swimming are well-documented, health effects such as asthma and bladder cancer are linked to disinfection by-products (DBPs) in pool water. DBPs are formed from the reaction of disinfectants such as chlorine (Cl) or bromine (Br) with organics in the water. Our previous study (Daiber et al., Environ. Sci. Technol. 50, 6652; 2016) found correlations between the concentrations of classes of DBPs and the mutagenic potencies of waters from chlorinated or brominated swimming pools and spas. We extended this study by identifying significantly different concentrations of 21 individual DBPs in brominated or chlorinated pool and spa waters as well as identifying which DBPs and additional DBP classes were most associated with the mutagenicity of these waters. Using data from our previous study, we found that among 21 DBPs analyzed in 21 pool and spa waters, the concentration of bromoacetic acid was significantly higher in Br-waters versus Cl-waters, whereas the concentration of trichloroacetic acid was significantly higher in Cl-waters. Five Br-DBPs (tribromomethane, dibromochloroacetic acid, dibromoacetonitrile, bromoacetic acid, and tribromoacetic acid) had significantly higher concentrations in Br-spa versus Cl-spa waters. Cl-pools had significantly higher concentrations of Cl-DBPs (trichloroacetaldehyde, trichloromethane, dichloroacetic acid, and chloroacetic acid), whereas Br-pools had significantly higher concentrations of Br-DBPs (tribromomethane, dibromoacetic acid, dibromoacetonitrile, and tribromoacetic acid). The concentrations of the sum of all 4 trihalomethanes, all 11 Br-DBPs, and all 5 nitrogen-containing DBPs were each significantly higher in brominated than in chlorinated pools and spas. The 8 Br-DBPs were the only DBPs whose individual concentrations were significantly correlated with the mutagenic potencies of the pool and spa waters. These results, along with those from our earlier study, highlight the importance of Br-DBPs in the mutagenicity of these recreational waters.     

Elemental mercury (Hg0) removal from coal syngas using magnetic tea-biochar: Experimental and theoretical insights

Mercury is ranked 3^rd as a global pollutant because of its long persistence in the environment. Approximately 65% of its anthropogenic emission (Hg⁰) to the atmosphere is from coal-thermal power plants. Thus, the Hg⁰ emission control from coal-thermal power plants is inevitable. Therefore, multiple sorbent materials were synthesized using a one-step pyrolysis method to capture the Hg⁰ from simulated coal syngas. Results showed, the Hg⁰ removal performance of the sorbents increased by the citric acid/ultrasonic application. T5CUF_0.3 demonstrated the highest Hg⁰ capturing performance with an adsorption capacity of 106.81 µg/g within 60 min at 200 °C under complex simulated syngas mixture (20% CO, 20% H₂, 10 ppmV HCl, 6% H₂O, and 400 ppmV H₂S). The Hg⁰ removal mechanism was proposed, revealing that the chemisorption governs the Hg⁰ removal process. Besides, the active Hg⁰ removal performance is attributed to the high dispersion of valence Fe₃O₄ and lattice oxygen (α) contents over the T5CUF_0.3 surface. In addition, the temperature programmed desorption (TPD) and XPS analysis confirmed that H₂S/HCl gases generate active sites over the sorbent surface, facilitating high Hg⁰ adsorption from syngas. This work represented a facile and practical pathway for utilizing cheap and eco-friendly tea waste to control the Hg⁰ emission.     

Remediation of preservative ethylparaben in water using natural sphalerite: Kinetics and mechanisms

As a typical class of emerging organic contaminants(EOCs), the environmental transformation and abatement of preservative parabens have raised certain environmental concerns. However, the remediation of parabens-contaminated water using natural matrixes(such as, naturally abundant minerals) is not reported extensively in literature. In this study, the transformation kinetics and the mechanism of ethylparaben using natural sphalerite(NS) were investigated. The results show that around 63% of ethy...     

A practical methodology for information fusion in presence of uncertainty: application to the analysis of a nuclear benchmark

This work is devoted to some methodological developments on information fusion in presence of uncertainty and their application in the frame of the BEMUSE Programme. In nuclear safety studies, different uncertainty analyses using different codes and implying different experts are generally performed. It is then useful to define formal methods to combine all these information sources in order to improve the reliability of the expertise process and especially to detect possible conflicts (if any) between the sources. Starting from the IRSN methodology already introduced in Destercke and Chojnacki (Nucl Eng Des 238(9):2484–2493, 2008), this paper presents a more convenient reformulation of its construction to allow its use by engineers. It is then applied to analyse the results coming from the BEMUSE Programme.