Children's Access to Local Environments: a case-study of Christchurch, New Zealand

This article provides a case-study of variability in children's independent access to their local environments in the New Zealand city of Christchurch. It is based on research with children in middle childhood, parents and teachers in four schools in Christchurch, each selected on the basis of variables hypothesised to impact on children's access to their local areas. The paper outlines why such independent access is of value, not only for children, but also for adults responsible for their safety, for the wider environment and for the local community. Variability within Christchurch is related to the socio-spatial nature of local environments. International comparisons are also made, drawing out the implications of differing cultural contexts for the pursuit of child-friendly cities. The article explores the role of social traps in impeding the creation of a more sustainable, child-friendly city.     

An institutional framework for analysis of voluntary policy: the case of voluntary environmental agreements in Kita Kyushu,Japan

This paper seeks to understand the effect of social, economic and political conditions on the selection and effectiveness of voluntary policy in Japan. Borrowing from two sets of literature, the paper develops a two-dimensional framework for analysis of voluntary policy that helps clarify the contextual factors that determine voluntary policy choice and effectiveness. The establishment of voluntary agreements in Japan are then investigated and the specific experiences of one Japanese city's experience, Kita Kyushu. Findings show that insufficient national and local statutory regulations, local citizen pressure resulting from significant pollution problems, city-controlled non-regulatory resources, and local level regulatory power determined Kita Kyushu's policy choice and the resulting effectiveness of voluntary environmental agreements. Findings then indicate where the Japanese experience falls within the framework. The usefulness of the framework for analysis and practice is then reinforced, and challenges for some of the basic assumptions of current theory are suggested.     

污泥生物炭活化过一硫酸盐降解环丙沙星

以脱水干化污泥为原料,经450℃热解制成污泥生物炭（BC）,活化过一硫酸盐（PMS）,构建BC/PMS体系,降解环丙沙星（CIP）.采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线能谱（EDS）、傅里叶变换红外吸收光谱（FTIR）、X射线衍射（XRD）、Zeta电位分析仪和电子自旋共振（EPR）分析了BC的理化性质;考察了BC投加量、PMS投加量、初始pH值和无机阴离子对BC/PMS体系降解CIP效果的影响;通过自由基淬灭实验和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）分析,深入探讨了BC/PMS体系对CIP降解机制.结果表明,CIP降解率随BC投加量和PMS投加量增大而升高,随溶液初始pH增大而降低,在BC 1.0 g·L^-1、PMS 3.0 mmol·L^-1、初始pH 6.0、CIP 20 mg·L^-1和反应时间120 min时,CIP降解率为49.09%;SO₄^2-和NO₃^-对BC/PMS体系降解效果无显著影响,HCO₃^-和Cl^-具有明显抑制作用;BC/PMS体系降解CIP是自由基途径（·OH和SO₄^-·）和非自由基途径（¹O₂）共同作用的结果,降解路径主要包括哌嗪环开环和羟基化反应.     

飞机电气线路互联系统海洋环境适应性研究

以飞机典型电气线路互联系统(ElectricalWiringInterconnectionSystem,EWIS)故障件和线缆及微动开关的南海环境暴晒试验结果为依据,研究了海洋环境下EWIS的腐蚀故障规律、腐蚀类型和形成原因、及电气性能变化规律等。结果表明,海洋环境下EWIS腐蚀失效形式多样,易导致间歇式故障频发,电气性能及屏蔽效能下降等。从适海性的角度提出了应从选材、设计、使用维护和故障数据分析利用等方面来提高EWIS的海洋环境适应性。